مصر - الاسكندرية - جامعة الاسكندرية

Abstract

Childhood obesity among primary school students in Saudi Arabia is a growing public health concern, mainly due to changing dietary patterns and decreased physical activity. This study aimed to identify factors linked to obesity among students in Riyadh city and its surrounding villages by assessing demographics, eating habits, physical activity, technology use, and school meal acceptance. Findings showed notable differences between urban and rural areas: in urban settings, obesity was more common among children aged 6–8, while in rural areas it appeared more in the 10–12 age group. Larger families, being the firstborn, and parental education and employment (higher in urban areas) were associated with greater obesity risk. Although overall obesity rates were similar, urban children were more prone to becoming overweight as they aged. Unhealthy eating habits were widespread, particularly skipping breakfast and low fruit and vegetable intake among urban children, with sugary drinks and fast-food common across both areas. Despite awareness of the importance of exercise, physical activity was lower in urban areas, mainly limited to school sports. Technology use was higher in rural areas, with children favoring screens over physical activity and limited parental oversight. School canteens lacked variety and healthy options, especially in villages. The study stresses the need for coordinated efforts to promote healthy lifestyles for children in Saudi Arabia