Evaluating the Impact of a Structured Educational Intervention on the Quality of Laboratory Investigations for the Diagnosis and Prevention of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Arar City, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection remains a significant global public health concern despite major advances in diagnosis and treatment. Although Saudi Arabia is classified as a low-prevalence country, achieving national and global HCV elimination goals requires sustained attention to accurate diagnosis, effective screening, and high-quality laboratory services. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a structured educational intervention on the quality of laboratory investigations for the diagnosis and prevention of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection in Arar City, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with a quasi-experimental educational intervention component was conducted across five major healthcare institutions in Arar City. Laboratory records were reviewed to assess HCV prevalence, screening outcomes, diagnostic performance, and quality control indicators. A structured and validated questionnaire was administered to laboratory personnel to evaluate knowledge, technical competency, continuing professional development, and quality assurance practices. Internal Quality Control (IQC) and External Quality Assessment (EQA) records were also evaluated. A structured educational and training intervention was subsequently implemented, and pre- and post-intervention outcomes were compared to assess changes in diagnostic performance and laboratory practice. Results: The prevalence of HCV infection in Arar City was 0.3%, confirming that the region remains a low-endemic area. Existing screening programs contributed to case detection and disease surveillance, although opportunities for improvement in targeted screening and linkage to care were identified. Laboratory technicians generally demonstrated adequate technical competency; however, gaps in specialized training and continuing professional development were observed. Quality assurance systems were strong, with an overall IQC success rate of 95.1% and 100% EQA compliance across participating laboratories. Diagnostic performance was excellent, with sensitivity reaching 100% and specificity 98.2%. Following implementation of the educational intervention, non-confirmed RIBA outcomes decreased from 22 cases before the intervention to 9 cases after the intervention, representing a 59.1% reduction and indicating improved diagnostic consistency. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that high-quality laboratory investigations are essential for accurate HCV diagnosis and effective prevention. The combination of low HCV prevalence, strong laboratory quality systems, excellent diagnostic performance, and measurable improvement following educational intervention highlights the importance of continuous professional development, quality assurance, and evidence-based screening strategies. Strengthening laboratory services and workforce competency will further support Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 healthcare objectives and ongoing efforts to eliminate HCV as a public health threat.