An Exploration of the Psychological Well-Being of Orphans in Saudi Arabia: Insights from Service Providers and Orphans

Abstract

Abstract The problem being studied was the susceptibility of Saudi Arabian orphans to experience psychological distress, attributed to factors such as parental loss, mistreatment, and abandonment. However, cultural, social, and familial contexts may pose distinctive challenges, emphasizing the need for targeted research and support systems. This qualitative case study explored service providers' and orphans' perspectives regarding how experiencing parental death or abandonment and living in an orphanage affects psychological well-being in Saudi Arabia. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews with six orphans and six service providers until data saturation was achieved. Guided by Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory, the research employed Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to provide an in-depth understanding of participants’ lived experiences and contextual factors influencing their well- being. Findings revealed that orphans in institutional care often experience emotional disconnection and loneliness, coupled with a strong desire for belonging, recognition, and genuine care. Despite their isolation, many demonstrated resilience and self-reliance, drawing on inner strength, faith, and aspirations for a better future, though these strengths often coexisted with unresolved grief and emotional pain. Service providers, meanwhile, faced significant challenges within institutional settings, including limited resources, structural constraints, and emotional burnout. They described the difficulty of balancing professional boundaries with authentic emotional engagement, while emphasizing the importance of building trust and providing mentorship that fosters growth and hope. Overall, the themes illustrate the emotional complexity of orphan life and the demanding nature of caregiving within institutional contexts, offering a foundation for further discussion and practical recommendations. Keywords: Orphan, Service provider, Well-being, Saudi Arabia