The Influence of Digital Technology Engagement on Academic Performance in Undergraduate Students in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

This thesis examines the influence of digital technology on student engagement and academic performance among undergraduate students in Saudi Arabia. Recognising the importance of digital transformation in education, this research addresses significant gaps in understanding how digital technologies affect educational outcomes broadly within Saudi higher education institutions. Employing a positivist paradigm and a quantitative research approach, this study utilises the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) framework. It evaluates the impact of seven key constructs, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, habit, and learning value, on student engagement and subsequently assesses the direct relationship between student engagement and academic performance. Data was collected via questionnaires from a diverse sample of 527 undergraduate students across six Saudi public universities, and subsequently analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicate that performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, social influence, facilitating conditions, and learning value significantly enhance student engagement, which positively influences academic performance. Theoretically, this research extends the UTAUT2 model by incorporating academic performance as a critical outcome variable, offering original and nuanced insights specific to the Saudi educational context. Practically, the results provide valuable guidance for educators and policymakers aiming to utilise digital technologies effectively to boost student engagement and academic achievement. This study acknowledges limitations, including its cross-sectional design and reliance on self-reported data, which may limit external validity. However, the originality and value of this research lie in its pioneering application of the UTAUT2 framework within the unique socio-cultural and educational landscape of Saudi Arabia. This research provides foundational insights to inform strategic and operational educational reforms in Saudi Arabia and other similar regional contexts.