A Critical Review of Factors Contributing to Delays in Residential Building Projects in Saudi Arabia: A Literature-Based Analysis

Abstract

Introduction: KSA’s Vision 2030 articulates the central role of residential construction, but the sector has been characterised by low stakeholder confidence, rising cost and delay, which has negated timely housing delivery. Currently, 70% + projects reportedly experience significant delays, undermining the housing goals. Purpose: This study analyses the factors behind the increased delay in the construction and delivery of residential buildings in Saudi Arabia, taking into account the cultural, economic, and regulatory factors that influence these delays and mitigation measures. Methodology: The research strategy of the systematic literature review (SLR) was restricted to 2020 – 2025. Thus, ensuring that the PRISMA framework is transparent, reproducible, and rigorous in addressing the research question. Results: The findings reveal several key delay factors, namely, supply chain disruptions, overreliance on foreign labour, payment delays, client-driven design changes and bureaucracy. These factors are mired by risks and complexities that cut through the “iron triangle”: quality, cost and time. Vital mitigation strategies include workforce localisation, governance reforms, a structured payment system and BIM integration. Implications: This dissertation employs base theories such as stakeholder governance, resource dependence and institutional theory to build a conceptual framework that explores the causes of delay in KSA’s residential construction space. In effect, housing-specific data collection, administrative reforms and evaluation of mitigation strategies are needed to limit the delay causes. In delivering efficient housing and meeting the Vision 2030 goals, the study provides insight for contractors, policy makers and regulators