Samuel ShuttsHAJAR ABDULLAH AL-GHAMDI2022-05-282022-05-28https://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/37969Research question: How can the design of VCSELs be altered to make them better suited for use in atomic clocks? The research will study the characteristics of VCSELs so that their characteristics (which focus on P-I curve and measure wavelength) which important to use in atomic clocks.en