Dadashzadeh, BehnamAlradhi, Abdulaziz2026-01-142025https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14154/77865This dissertation investigates the application of risk management frameworks in railway projects through a systematic study of studies published between 2015 and 2025. The research critically examines how structured frameworks such as ISO 31000, and Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) have been implemented, the analytical tools used to operationalise them, and the challenges influencing their effectiveness. peer-reviewed studies and credible industry reports were analysed using a thematic synthesis approach. The findings reveal that ISO 31000 remains the most widely adopted framework, valued for its flexibility and governance alignment. It is frequently integrated with probabilistic and data-driven tools such as Bayesian Networks, Fuzzy Logic, and Multi- Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) to enhance the quantitative precision of risk assessment. The research further highlights that the success of risk management depends not only on technical tools but also on leadership commitment, communication, and training. Projects that combined structured frameworks with digital integration and sustainability principles achieved greater resilience and transparency. This study contributes to the academic understanding of risk management in complex infrastructure. The dissertation concludes that effective risk management in railway projects requires a balanced integration of robust frameworks, advanced analytical tools, and strong organisational culture to ensure sustainable and reliable project outcomes.55enRISK MANAGEMENTRAILWAY PROJECTSFRAMEWORKRAILWAY INFRASTRACTUREISO 31000Thesis