Amrita MukherjeeGHADA ABDULRHMAN ALGHUNAIM2022-05-302022-05-30https://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/53184There is extraordinarily little likelihood that the US Supreme Court will alter the direction that First Amendment protections have taken in the over 50 years since Brandenburg was decided. However, the notion that ISPs can succeed in promoting this respect, whilst better securing their social media platforms from hate speech perpetrators is attractive. First Amendment rights are not compromised if ISPs take the lead in seeking a more respect-driven online communications environment than currently exists.en