Bainbridge, JamesBushnag, Abdulkarim2023-12-112023-12-112023-12-01https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14154/70140This literature review undertakes a comprehensive examination of mesenchymal stem cell utilization as a prospective therapeutic modality for retinitis pigmentosa. The principal objective is to elucidate the nuances surrounding this therapeutic approach and, in particular, to conduct a rigorous evaluation of its efficacy and utility. The review entails a meticulous analysis of the procedural intricacies, encompassing methodological frameworks, the specific categorizations of mesenchymal stem cells implemented, and the administration protocols. Moreover, it involves a critical appraisal of reported outcomes in extant studies, probing alterations in visual function and structural retinal modifications. Beyond accentuating favorable results, the discourse extends to a discerning scrutiny of attendant challenges, limitations, and prospective areas necessitating further inquiry and refinement within the domain of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for retinitis pigmentosa. By synthesizing findings from diverse scholarly contributions, this literature review aspires to furnish a comprehensive panorama. The overarching objective is to provide a scholarly audience with a nuanced understanding of the contemporary status of mesenchymal stem cell therapy vis-à-vis retinitis pigmentosa. Consequently, the endeavor is geared towards offering a discerning assessment of the therapeutic value of this innovative intervention in ameliorating the visual impairments attendant to retinitis pigmentosa.Background: Retinitis pigmentosa is a hereditary degenerative disorder of an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked recessive inheritance pattern. It is also known as dystrophy of rod and cone as the major degeneration occur in the photoreceptor rods with minor degeneration of cones. The early stage of the disease involves night vision loss and limited peripheral vision, whereas the later stages involve the loss of color vision and central vision. There is no curative treatment for retinal disorders; however, several treatment strategies are involved such as stem cell therapy, and gene therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells are a non-hematopoietic clonogenic, multipotent, heterogeneous subset of the stem cell population that can be isolated from many sources of adult tissues and have the capability to differentiate into various types of specialized cells. Therefore, they are widely used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for their self-renewal, immunomodulatory, and pluripotency characteristics and they can be a promising treatment for retinitis pigmentosa. Objective: This literature review aims to discuss the use of mesenchymal stem cells transplantation for the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa and assess the outcomes of this therapy and its usefulness. Methods: A literature was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews in the Cochrane Library. Keywords such as "MSC, Mesenchymal stem cell, Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation, Stem cell therapy, stem cell treatment, Regenerative medicine, Cell-based Therapy, bone marrow-derived stem cell, adipose tissue-derived stem cell, umbilical cord-derived stem cell, RP, and Retinitis Pigmentosa." were used for the searching process. Trials published in English with in the years between 2013 and 2023 were evaluated. Results: A total of eleven trials were included; two were preclinical and nine trials were clinical. The assessed mesenchymal stem cells included those derived from adipose tissue, bone marrow, umbilical cord and Warton jelly cells. The outcomes and complications of each type were discussed. Conclusion: The effectiveness and outcomes of MSCs treatment for RP varied between different types of MSCs used in therapy. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells resulted in better outcomes compared to other types of cells. However, the evidence of using MSCs for RP treatment is weak and there is a need for strong evidence on the effectiveness of MSCs for RP treatment. Therefore, MSCs may not be a promising treatment for RP as it was expected.55enMesenchymal Stem CellsLiterature ReviewStem Cell TherapyRetinitis PigmentosaRetinal RegenerationCell-based TherapiesRegenerative MedicineRetinal DegenerationClinical TrialsOphthalmologyVisual ImpairmentTreatment ApproachesRetinal RepairOutcomesComplicationsThesis