Wall, GrahamAlqahtani, Faisal2025-12-152025https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14154/77493This paper explores the potential of adopting cargo bikes into last-mile delivery models within Riyadh by comparing their efficiency with that of traditional Suzuki Dzire vehicles in low-density (LD) and high-density (HD) traffic conditions. Based on an Excel spreadsheet with a Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) model run using the Evolver genetic algorithm add-in, the study optimised the delivery routes of 60 customer locations and a centralised distribution depot. Four scenarios were considered: Suzuki LD, Suzuki HD, CargoBike LD, and CargoBike HD.86encargo bikes last-mile delivery low-density (LD) high density (HD) traffic conditions Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) model Evolver genetic algorithm add-inThesis