Reem Al-Habdan2022-05-182022-05-18364https://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/4829As energy played an essential role in human development, unconventional energy resources of oil and gas became widely important for the modern history energy consumptions. Since 1973, the world has experienced various geopolitical changes which enabled the oil industry to respond to these changes. OPEC restrictions of oil supply to Western Europe and the United States in 1973 hiked the oil prices from US$4 to US$10 per barrel.enThesis