Phillip LordNIZAL KHALF EASA ALSHAMMRY2022-06-042021-12-262022-06-04109364https://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/66456As ontologies become large, their development and mainte- nance becomes more challenging and time-consuming. Therefore, the scalability of ontology development has become problematic. In this thesis, we examine two new approaches that can help address this challenge. First, we consider a new approach to identifiers that could significantly facilitate the scalability of ontologies and overcome some related issues with monotonic, numeric identifiers while remaining semantics-free. Second, we investigate the usage of the hypernormalisation, patternisation and pro- gramatic approaches by asking how we could use this approach to rebuild the Gene Ontology (GO).215enThesis