Dr Mike BromleyALAA ALI HAMAD ALSHUWAIER2022-05-302022-05-30https://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/53360Fungal infections have a considerable influence on global health, animal life, and crop security. However, they are remaining a neglected pathogen by the agencies of public authorities though most fatalities from fungal infections are avoidable. Invasive fungal infections are becoming an increasingly important cause of human mortality and morbidity, mainly for immunocompromised patients. The fungal pathogens Candida and Aspergillus spp., in specific, have transitioned from an uncommon phenomenon to a life-threatening pathogen. Thus, the significance of reliable and efficient antifungal drugs for modern treatment practice has never been more considerable. Provided that fungi are eukaryotes as their human host, the unique molecular targets number that can be manipulated for drug advancement remains restricted. Only three molecules groups are at present approved for the therapy of invasive mycoses. These drugs' effectiveness is compromised by fungistatic activity, host toxicity, or drug resistance emergence in pathogen populations. Given the substantial effect fungal pathogens have on people's health, it is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms that control antifungal drug resistance. This review illustrates my existing knowledge of the mechanisms by which antifungal drug resistance develops. I have looked at present antifungal therapy options, their mechanisms of action and consider promising approaches to impede the development of drug resistance. There is a possibility to expand the efficiency of current therapies and hasten the advancement of novel therapeutic approaches by confronting antifungal drug resistance as an evolutionary challenge.en