Radicalization Pathways in Prisons: A Comparative Study of Saudi Arabia, and The UK

Abstract

This dissertation examines the phenomenon of radicalization in prison environments through a comparative analysis of Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom. It explores how different cultural, political, and institutional frameworks influence pathways to extremism in these countries’ prison systems. Saudi prisons, shaped by centralized governance and Sharia law, emphasize punishment over rehabilitation, creating conditions conducive to fostering extremist ideologies. Conversely, UK prisons prioritize rehabilitation but struggle with systemic issues such as overcrowding and staff shortages, which weaken deradicalization efforts.

By analyzing institutional cultures, penal philosophies, and the dynamics of extremist networks, the study identifies key drivers of prison radicalization and evaluates the effectiveness of current counter-radicalization strategies in both contexts. Findings highlight the need for nuanced, culturally-sensitive policies to mitigate the risks associated with prison radicalization while enhancing rehabilitation frameworks. This research contributes valuable insights for policymakers and criminologists aiming to address the global challenge of extremism within correctional facilities.