Browsing by Author "Alshammary, Sami"

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CHITOSAN COMPOSITE BEADS FOR THE REMOVAL OF METHYLENE BLUE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION
(2023-09-20) Alshammary, Sami; Anwar, Mohammad
Chitosan-reinforced sodium alginate and bentonite (CS-SA-Ben) composite beads were synthesized using the ionic gelation method as biosorbents for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye. The synthesized beads were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and a digital microscope. The FTIR analyses indicate that the observed large peak at roughly 3420 cm-1 corresponds to hydroxyle (-OH) and amino (-NH2) stretching vibrations, showing the existence of these functional groups in chitosan. Chitosan's XRD pattern shows distinct peaks at specific diffraction angles, showing its crystalline structure. The digital microscope shows the size of the adsorbent, which is around 3916.21 μm. The batch adsorption method was carried out to illustrate the adsorptive capabilities of Chitosan-Sodium alginate-Bentonite in adsorbing MB. The highest adsorption of MB (88%) was achieved within 6 h when 400 mg of the biosorbent was used at 50 ˚C and pH 12 in a water bath shaker and stirred at a speed of 200 rpm. The adsorption is proposed to follow pseudo-second-order kinetics, with a linear regression coefficient (R2) of 0.982, demonstrating that MB followed the chemisorption mechanism. The Langmuir model was determined to better describe the adsorption process than the Freundlich model. Through the Langmuir isotherm, the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (qmax) of the biosorbent was observed to be 48.94 mg/g under the optimum conditions. The CS-SA-Ben can be repeatedly used without losing its adsorptive capabilities.
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