Browsing by Author "Alwani, Naif"

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Synthesis of New Macromolecules for Application in Biological and Medicinal Chemistry
(Saudi Digital Library, 2020) Alwani, Naif; Twyman, Lance
This chapter reviews the recent progress in the design and use of self-assembled polymeric nanostructures, focusing on their applications in enzyme mimicking catalysis and photodynamic therapy. The first part discusses how advanced polymerisation techniques, including ring opening polymerisation, reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer, and atom transfer radical polymerisation, allow precise control over polymer composition, chain length, and functionality. These methods are important for forming amphiphilic block copolymers that can self-assemble into nanostructures such as micelles, vesicles, and polyion complex. The second section describes the dendrimers, which are well defined and highly branched macromolecules that can be formed through a step by step synthetic methods that allows accurate control over molecular size and surface functionality. Their internal cavities and surface groups make them useful for encapsulating photosensitisers and delivering them to tumour tissues for targeting. The third part focuses on porphyrins, which are conjugated macrocyclic compounds with a central metal binding site and versatile chemical modification possibilities. Their encapsulation into the micelle, polyion complex, and dendrimer structures improves their solubility, stability, and functional performance in enzyme mimicking catalysis and as photosensitiser drug photodynamic therapy. In short, this review summarises how the combination of controlled polymerisation, precise molecular design, and porphyrin chemistry leads to multifunctional materials. These systems have the potential for use in catalysis, oxygen delivery, and light-activated cancer therapy, providing a strong foundation for further research in multifunctional polymeric systems.
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