Browsing by Author "Halawi, Mlak Ali"

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Comparing the Effectiveness of Mobilisation With Movement and Muscle Energy Technique in Adhesive Capsulitis: A Systematic Review
(Saudi Digital Library, 2025-03-31) Halawi, Mlak Ali; Spencer, Holly
Adhesive capsulitis, commonly known as frozen shoulder, is a musculoskeletal disorder characterised by inflammation and fibrosis of the glenohumeral joint capsule, which leads to pain, stiffness, and a restricted range of motion (ROM) (Khan and Nuhmani 2014). It affects approximately 3–5% of the population, with a higher prevalence among individuals aged 30–60 years and a female-to-male ratio of 1.6:1 (Wong and Tan 2010; Bhargav and Murrell 2011). Moreover, the condition progresses through three distinct phases. First, the freezing phase (2–9 months) is marked by increasing pain and stiffness. This stage is followed by the frozen phase (4–12 months), during which movement becomes restricted. Finally, the thawing phase (12–43 months) occurs, allowing for a gradual improvement in ROM (Griesser et al. 2011). Consequently, these functional limitations severely impact daily activities like dressing, lifting, and overhead reaching (Ramirez 2019). In regard management strategies, different treatment approaches exist, including pharmacological, physiotherapeutic, and surgical interventions. However, among non-surgical options, Mobilisation with Movement (MWM) and the Muscle Energy Technique (MET) have shown promising results in alleviating pain and enhancing shoulder function (Patel and D 2022; Khattak et al. 2023). MWM combines therapist-applied joint mobilisation with active movement to improve ROM, while MET utilises isometric contractions followed by stretching to reduce stiffness and correct muscular imbalances (Shah and Misra 2013). This systematic review compares the effectiveness of MWM and MET in reducing pain, improving ROM, and enhancing functional ability in adults with adhesive capsulitis.
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