Browsing by Author "Singh, Mabi"

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Circadian Patterns of Salivary Flow in Sjogren's Disease
(Tufts University, 2024) Alsunni, Mouna; Sankar, Vidya; Singh, Mabi; Finkelman, Matthew; Papas, Athena; Sankar, Vidya
Aim and Hypothesis: Salivary flow follows a circadian pattern and is influenced by clock genes, which also regulate Aquaporins (AQPs), water channels responsible for salivary flow regulation in salivary glands. A deficiency in AQP5 in mouse salivary glands disrupted this pattern. We hypothesized that patients with Sjögren's Disease (SjD) do not exhibit the same circadian salivary flow pattern as healthy controls. The study compared salivary flow patterns in healthy individuals and SjD patients. To do this, we assessed stimulated whole saliva (SWS) and unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) patterns in SjD subjects compared with healthy controls. Methods: Thirteen subjects per group were required to achieve 80% power. SjD subjects met the ACR/EULAR2016 criteria. During the first visit, participants provided consent. They received instructions for saliva collection at home at two time points (5 AM and 10 AM) for unstimulated whole saliva (UWS, 5 minutes) and stimulated whole saliva (SWS, 2 minutes), with a third sample collected on-site at 3 PM. Friedman's test compared salivary flow within each group across time points, while the Mann-Whitney U test compared salivary flow between groups. Generalized linear mixed models assessed group-time point interactions. Significance was set at α=0.05. Results: The study analyzed 13 healthy controls (10 female, 3 male, mean age 48.9 ± 10.7 years) and 13 SjD subjects (all female, mean age 65.3 ± 8.4 years). In SjD subjects, SWS 0.84 ± 0.83 mL/min, 1.08 ± 1.13 mL/min, and 1.00 ± 1.12 mL/min (p = 0.037) respectively. UWS ranged from 0.17 ± 0.21 mL/min at 5 AM to 0.24 ± 0.22 mL/min at 3 PM (p=0.46). No significant differences in control SWS; p = 0.527, with respective means of 2.80 ± 1.41 mL/min, 3.25 ± 1.81 mL/min, and 2.70 ± 1.42 mL/min. similar results were found in UWS: 1.03 ± 1.24 mL/min at 5 AM, 1.16 ± 1.34 mL/min at 10 AM, and 1.07 ± 1.29 mL/min at 3 PM (p = 0.527). SjD subjects iii had significantly lower UWS and SWS rates than healthy controls (p<0.001). No significant group interactions were observed (p>0.05). Conclusion: The data do not support the hypothesis that SjD subjects have an altered salivary flow pattern compared to healthy controls. Neither SWS nor UWS exhibited a clear circadian pattern in healthy individuals, suggesting a need for further research into circadian influences on salivary flow in the healthy population.
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Salivary and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-17, Interleukin-36β, Interleukin-37 and Interleukin-38 In Healthy and Periodontitis Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
(Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, 2024) Alreshaid, Reem; Papathanasiou, Evangelos; Singh, Mabi; Valverde, Livia; Finkelman, Matthew
Aim & Hypothesis: To compare the levels of IL-1β, IL-17, IL-36β, IL-37 and IL-38 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva collected from periodontitis patients and healthy subjects. The hypothesis of the study was that the levels of IL-1β, IL-17, IL-36β, IL-37 and IL-38 in GCF and saliva would be different in periodontitis patients compared to healthy subjects. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, clinical data, GCF and saliva samples were collected from 40 participants, divided into healthy and periodontitis groups based on specific selection criteria. The samples were analyzed by a blind assessor using Luminex multiplex technology to quantify the levels of IL-1β, IL-17, IL-36β, IL-37, and IL-38. Statistical analyses included chi-square or Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables and t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests for continuous variables. Generalized linear models (GLMs) adjusted for age, gender and calculated saliva weight, and generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used for correlated data. Results: GCF levels of IL-1β and IL-17, both amount and concentration, were significantly elevated in periodontitis patients (p < 0.001). Conversely, IL-36β concentration in GCF was reduced in periodontitis patients. Additionally, the concentrations of IL-37 and IL-38 in GCF were markedly lower in periodontitis patients (p=0.046, p=0.012 respectively). Salivary IL-1β concentration was also significantly higher in periodontitis patients (p= 0.005). Conclusions: Our study supports our hypothesis that periodontitis patients have distinct IL-1β, IL-17, IL-36β, IL-37, and IL-38 GCF and salivary profiles compared to periodontally healthy subjects. Further studies are needed to confirm if IL-1β, IL-17, IL-36β, IL-37, and IL-38 can be used as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for periodontitis.
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