SACM - United States of America
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Item Restricted Sleep Quality in Women with Breast Cancer: A Longitudinal Analysis of Predictors for One-Year Post-Diagnosis(University at Buffalo, 2024-06-01) Alanazi, Nouf; Lorenz, RebeccaBreast cancer (BC) remains a significant public health concern worldwide, posing considerable challenges to individuals' health and well-being. Among the myriad of issues faced by breast cancer survivors (BCS), sleep disturbances emerge as a prevalent and often debilitating problem. Understanding the complex interplay of factors influencing sleep quality in BCS is crucial for developing targeted interventions to mitigate these disturbances and improve overall quality of life. The purpose of this dissertation is to generate comprehensive knowledge regarding sleep quality in women with BC, while also characterizing associated factors contributing to these disturbances. By delving into the multifaceted nature of sleep disturbances in BCS, this research aims to expand upon the existing body of knowledge surrounding the causes of sleep disruptions in this population. This dissertation follows the three-manuscript style dissertation that provides knowledge regarding sleep disturbances, while also characterizing associated factors in women with breast cancer from pre-diagnosis to 1- year post diagnosis. The first manuscript used existing data from the prospective Women’s Health after Breast Cancer Study (N=606) to examine sleep quality, quantity, and self-reported causes of sleep disturbance among female breast cancer patients at the time of diagnosis and one year after treatment. The second manuscript is an integrative review of current literature to describe the risk factors of poor sleep quality among BCS based on Spielman's three-factor model of insomnia (3 P's model). This theoretical basis for the review examines cancer-related factors that predispose, precipitate, and perpetuate insomnia. The third manuscript utilizes a secondary data analysis approach to assess the association between different types of breast cancer treatments, breast cancer symptoms, cancer characteristics and sleep quality using longitudinal data from the Women’s Health after Breast Cancer Study (N=715). Findings add to the existing body of knowledge on the causes of sleep disturbances in BCSs by exploring the influence of factors that affect sleep quality. Results provide a better understanding of the myriad of contributing factors that increase the potential for short- or long-term sleep disruptions among BCSs and the resulting outcomes on individuals' health and health-related QoL. Further, the results contribute to the existing literature on salient factors and conditions that aggravate sleeping problems in BCSs at diagnosis prior to treatment and at one-year post-diagnosis. Specifically, results from this study have significantly advanced our understanding of the predisposing and precipitating factors associated with sleep disturbances among BCS.18 0Item Restricted PHASE RETRIEVAL AND 3D TOPOGRAPHY USING TRANSPORT OF INTENSITY(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-12-26) Alanazi, Nouf; Banerjee, Partha PTransport of intensity is a non-interferometric technique to obtain the phase of an object by recording optical intensities at different incremental propagation distances around the image plane. The transport of intensity equation (TIE) is also a convenient way to obtain unwrapped phases directly without the need of phase unwrapping techniques. The accuracy of TIE can be improved by incorporating the associated transport of phase equation (TPE). However, TIE (and TPE) suffers from the disadvantage in that image intensities must be recorded at multiple longitudinal distances around the image plane without any transverse misalignment. To avoid this issue, we have proposed a modified TIE with TPE (TIE+TPE) in this research utilizing electrically controllable optical path lengths through bias voltages across liquid crystals (LCs). The most significant advantage of using TIE+TPE with LC is that no physical movement of the detector array is needed to change the optical path lengths around the image plane, as required for the conventional TIE. Additionally, TIE+TPE with LC provides a more accurate evaluation of the phase. Also, this research investigates the combination of digital holography (DH) and TIE+TPE with LC to retrieve the image phase directly without any phase unwrapping. In both cases of phase retrieval, either using conventional imaging or holographic imaging, numericalexamples and simple experimental verifications are provided. In experiments, the 3D topology is recovered from the imaged phase. Finally, we propose a single-shot (single wavelength) alternative to 3D optical imaging that combines DH with TIE and DH with TIE and TPE to conveniently retrieve unwrapped phase and hence the 3D topography of partially bloody fingermarks deposited on substrates and coated with columnar thin films encapsulated by columnar thin films (CTFs).11 0