Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Director's Civil Liability Provisions in Venture Capital Companies: A Comparative Study between Jordanian Law and Saudi System(Amman Arab University, 2025) albaraa, hussain; Almusaedeh, AhmadThis study examines the civil liability provisions applicable to the manager in venture capital companies, through a comparative analysis between Jordanian law and the Saudi legal system. It focuses on the manager’s duties, the legal basis of civil liability arising from the violation of these duties, and the mechanisms available to protect both the company and third parties. The study aims to highlight the similarities and differences between the two legal systems and to propose recommendations that may enhance legal protection in venture capital companies.22 0Item Restricted Future Infrastructure: A Strategic Analysis of Green Hydrogen Export Development in Scotland(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Alsadhan, Deemah; Sean, SmithGreen hydrogen (GH2) has emerged as a promising solution to decarbonise hard-to abate sectors and contribute to global climate goals. However, the high production costs, underdeveloped infrastructure, and regulatory gaps present significant challenges to its scalability and international trade. This dissertation explores Scotland’s potential to become an exporter of green hydrogen, leveraging its abundant renewable energy resources and strategic geographical location. Through a mixed methods approach, including global market analysis, infrastructure assessments, and expert interviews, the study evaluates Scotland’s readiness in production, storage, transportation, and export. Key findings highlight critical infrastructure gaps in ports, pipelines, and storage facilities, as well as the need for regulatory alignment with key trading partners like the EU. Recommendations are provided to address these barriers, focusing on strategic port upgrades, investment in storage solutions, electrolyser manufacturing, and harmonising certification standards. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on green hydrogen exports and positions Scotland as a case study for nations seeking to develop a competitive hydrogen economy while aligning with global sustainability goals and ensuring a just energy transition.3 0Item Restricted دور الجمعيات الأهلية في تحسين جودة حياة الأسر الفقيرة(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) الزهراني, أحمد; ابراهيم, السيد عبدالحميدتهتم هذه الدراسة بدراسة الجمعيات الأهلية لما تتسم به من مميزات وأدوار يمكن من خلالها أن تساهم في تحسين جودة حياة الأسر الفقيرة وذلك من خلال توفير المساعدات المادية والمتنقلة في التمويل والمساعدات العينية والمساعدات الفنية والمتنقلة في تطوير وتجود محتوى البرامج التي تقوم بتنفيذها الجمعيات الأهلية والمتنقلة في البرامج الاقتصادية والتعليمية والصحية وتشمل تنمية قدرات العنصر البشري وتوفير المتخصصين القائمين على هذه البرامج بما يلائم المتغيرات المجتمعية المعاصرة لتحسين جودة حياة الأسر الفقيرة ومن خلال مهنة الخدمة الاجتماعية بصفة عامة وطريقة تنظيم المجتمع بصفة خاصة يمكن تحديد دور الجمعيات الأهلية في تحسين جودة حياة الأسر الفقيرة.6 0Item Restricted دور الجمعيات الأهلية في تحسين جودة الحياة للمرأة السعودية وفقًا لرؤية 2030م دراسة تطبيقية بمحافظة المخواه(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) الزهراني, امنه; عبده, هاني خميستركز الدراسة على دور الجمعيات الأهلية في تحسين جودة حياة المرأة في المجتمع السعودي. وتغطي الدراسة مجموعة واسعة من المجالات التي تعمل فيها هذه الجمعيات، مثل التعليم والتدريب المهني، والدعم النفسي والاجتماعي، والتمكين الاقتصادي، والتوعية، والدفاع عن حقوق المرأة. كما تتناول الدراسة التحديات والعقبات التي تواجهها الجمعيات الأهلية في أداء دورها، مثل القيود القانونية، والتمويل المحدود، والنقص في الموارد البشرية المدربة. وتقدم الدراسة توصيات وحلولًا لمواجهة هذه التحديات وتعزيز دور الجمعيات الأهلية في تحسين جودة حياة المرأة في المملكة. تستند الدراسة إلى بيانات وإحصائيات رسمية، وكذلك إلى مقابلات وأبحاث ميدانية مع ممثلين عن الجمعيات الأهلية، والخبراء، والمتخصصين في هذا المجال. وتهدف الدراسة إلى توفير رؤى قيّمة للباحثين والمسؤولين الحكوميين والمنظمات غير الربحية حول كيفية تعزيز دور الجمعيات الأهلية في تحسين جودة حياة المرأة في المجتمع السعودي2 0Item Restricted Development of a compact, low-cost mid-infrared scanning monochromator for spectroscopy(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Alasmari, Mohammed Ahmed; Robert, Hadfield; Daniel, KuznesofThe mid-infrared spectral region (2.5–5 µm) remains critical for molecular spectroscopy and thermal imaging applications, yet commercial scanning monochromators for this range typically cost tens of thousands of pounds. This work developed a compact, open-hardware scanning monochromator employing a 300 lines/mm reflective grating mounted on a GT2 belt-driven rotation stage controlled via Arduino with Python-based data acquisition through a PM100D power meter, achieving sub-£200 total hardware cost. Testing with 600 nm and 1550 nm laser sources validated the system's angle-to-wavelength conversion through the grating equation, revealing multiple diffraction orders as expected. The mechanical characterization demonstrated an effective step granularity of 0.98°/command with measured backlash between 0.05–0.10° and repeatability of ±0.05°, translating to approximately 5.7–11.4 nm uncertainty from backlash and 60 nm wavelength increment per command step near 1550 nm. The design successfully met its primary objectives of cost reduction, stable repeatability, and robust operation, though full validation across the 2.5–5 µm target range awaited appropriate sources and detectors while order-sorting filters and stray-light baffling required further refinement. This accessible platform demonstrated that trading ultimate spectral resolution for modularity and affordability creates valuable opportunities for educational laboratories and budget-constrained research groups seeking incremental upgrade paths toward enhanced mid-IR spectroscopic capabilities.16 0Item Restricted Axial Oil-Jet Impingement Cooling of Hairpin End-Windings in EV Traction Motors for Improving Thermal Management: A CFD Study(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) JAAN, HUSSIAN; Paykani, AminThe increasing desire to produce compact and efficient EV traction motors while achieving high power density has created thermal management issues, particularly in the hotspot regions of motors, including the stator-end-winding region. This numerical study aims to investigate the performance of axial oil impinging jet cooling systems on the hairpin end-winding of traction motors by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. The model includes a geometry of 30-degree section of end winding with 2 mm jet nozzle diameter. This numerical study examined two parameters that affect heat dissipation performance through a parametric sensitivity analysis under fixed operating conditions (oil inlet temperature = 42.5 ℃), including the effect of various oil types, silicone, ATF and synthetic, and the effect of jet orientations, axial vs radial. The study conducted mesh sensitivity analysis over three mesh sizes 0.5 mm, 0.2 mm and 0.15 mm in the oil-air interface region. The fine mesh findings were validated using published numerical data at 0.5 m/s, demonstrating good agreement with 7.8% deviation in heat transfer coefficient (HTC) at the central winding (0°), which is the primary focus region of this investigation. The parametric study’s results revealed that ATF oil surpassed the silicone and synthetic oils in both average HTC and oil wetting at center winding, resulting in average HTC of 190 W/m2k, an increase of 31.1% to synthetic oil, and 15.15% to silicone. In terms of oil wetting, ATF displays 13.1 %, and the synthetic oil shows higher results than silicone with 11.6 % compared to 9.72 %, respectively. Additionally, changing the jet from axial (90°) to radial (0°) improved the cooling efficiency, the radial jet outperformed the axial jet in both average HTC and oil wetting at center segment, obtaining 284.1 W/m2k and 24.1%, achieving an increase of 72.1 % and 147.9% relative to the axial jet, respectively. Findings support radial configuration and ATF selection at low flow rates. Future work should examine the effect of higher flow rates, multi-nozzle array design, and larger nozzle diameter to achieve effective thermal management.10 0Item Restricted Pre-hospital Timings and Life-saving Interventions in Trauma Related Mass Casualty Incidents: Investigating Delays, Interventions, and Barriers to Care(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Alruqi, Fayez; Brohi, KarimIntroduction: Mass casualty incidents (MCIs) are rising globally, resulting in nearly two million fatalities and countless injuries over the past two decades. Delays in pre-hospital time (PHT) during MCIs contribute to preventable deaths, particularly among those requiring life-saving interventions. Decisions regarding these essential interventions often rely on assumptions, which can potentially undermine the effectiveness of triage and worsen patient outcomes. The overall objective of this thesis was to examine PHT in trauma-related MCIs, including its associated delays, and measure the average timings for performing MCI life-saving interventions. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify trauma-related MCI reports that described PHTs and the factors associated with delays. This was followed by a simulation study at two training centres, where physicians and paramedics performed 16 predefined life-saving interventions in a controlled pre-hospital environment. These interventions were selected based on a previously conducted narrative literature review, and the duration of each was recorded and analysed. Finally, an international cross-sectional survey was disseminated through professional networks to pre-hospital care providers to explore perceived barriers contributing to PHT delays during trauma-related MCIs. Results: The systematic review identified 14 eligible studies, with pre-hospital times ranging from 35 minutes to over 8 hours. Delays were most often linked to scene safety concerns, complex environments, and triage decisions rather than casualty numbers. In the simulation study, 20 pre-hospital care providers completed nearly all life-saving interventions in under 130 seconds, except for rapid sequence intubation, which required a median of 348 seconds (IQR: 329–366 seconds). Preparation and post-placement steps caused the most significant delays in advanced interventions. Participants tended to overestimate the time required to perform each intervention, with notable differences observed in supraglottic airway insertion, cricothyroidotomy, needle decompression, and finger thoracostomy (all p < 0.05). The international survey (n = 225, 54 countries) revealed that communication failures (84%) and geographic barriers (80%) were the leading contributors to prolonged PHT. Equipment shortages and hospital distance were more prominent in low-resource settings (75% and 63%, respectively). Qualitative results also indicated that resource limitations posed greater challenges in low- or middle-income countries, whereas respondents from high-income countries more frequently cited policy and administrative barriers. Most participants cited regular training (95%) and prior MCI experience (90%) as critical for improving PHT. Conclusion: Collectively, delays during MCIs are multifactorial, involving geographical, logistical, procedural, and perceptual challenges. The simulation study demonstrated that most life-saving interventions can be delivered rapidly, supporting their inclusion in MCI triage protocols. Findings from this thesis highlight the need for enhanced communication systems, targeted training, and context-specific response planning to mitigate pre-hospital delays and improve outcomes for critically injured patients in mass casualty settings.11 0Item Restricted Design and Development of Photoacoustic Spectroscopy System for Contrast Agent Characterisation(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Alshahrani, Abdulrahman; Joseph, JamesPhotoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a hybrid biomedical imaging technique that combines high optical-absorption contrast with the deep-penetration and resolution capabilities of ultrasound. This combination enables the detailed visualisation of tissue structures at greater depths than conventional optical imaging. While endogenous chromophores such as haemoglobin provide inherent contrast, introducing exogenous contrast agents further enhances sensitivity, specificity, and molecular targeting. However, current PAI methods lack standardised quantitative approaches to relate dye concentration to signal amplitude, which limits their clinical translation. In response to this gap, we designed and developed an integrated and calibrated experimental system to build a systematic framework for analysing the relationship between contrast-agent concentration and photoacoustic signal amplitude. The system comprises a tunable nanosecond-pulsed laser, a high-frequency needle hydrophone, and a LabVIEW-based acquisition interface to ensure precise synchronisation, signal integrity, and real-time control. To build the setup, custom 3D-printed components were fabricated to optimise optical and acoustic performance, and the system was verified using simulated signals before laser implementation. This work establishes the technical basis for generating calibration curves and developing standardised imaging protocols. Ultimately, the system provides a foundational tool for advancing the quantitative capabilities of PAI using exogenous contrast dyes in biomedical applications.24 0Item Restricted The challenges that affect management performance in front office departments in the hospitality industry in Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2024) Khamis, Alahmadi; Robin, ReidAs Saudi Arabia is working on reaching the Saudi Vision 2030, the hospitality industry is undergoing a phase of intense transformation and growth, resulting in a more prominent role in the Saudi economy. Front office departments have been identified as one of the key factors in delivering satisfying guest experiences and promoting further industry growth. The present study aimed to uncover and address the challenges impacting the management performance of front-office departments in the Saudi Arabian hospitality industry, with a focus on conflict resolution and reducing employee turnover. A quantitative study was conducted using an online survey as a data collection method, while the sample was collected with a snowballing method sample. A total of 34 participants were featured in the study, with over 80% being front-office employees in Saudi hotels. The results of the study provided an overview of key challenges faced by front office employees, a list of the desirable skills both in front office employees and management, and the elements of service that have the biggest effect on customer satisfaction. In the domain of conflict resolution, the study identified sources of conflict, key strategies for addressing it, and specific recommendations for management involvement. The results also provide a detailed overview of the factors that moderate employees’ job satisfaction, determination to stay in the same position, preferred leadership approaches, and incentives that can reduce turnover rates. The study concludes with specific recommendations aimed at hotels operating in Saudi Arabia.18 0Item Restricted Resilience of Saudi Financial Institutions Against AI-Driven Cyber Threats(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) ALshammar, Rushud; Adamos, VasileiosArtificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly exploited by cybercriminals, creating advanced threats that challenge the security of financial institutions. Saudi banks, central to Vision 2030’s digital transformation, face heightened risks from AI-driven attacks such as phishing, fraud detection evasion, and adversarial machine learning. The aim of this research was to evaluate the resilience of six major Saudi banks (NCB, Al Rajhi, SABB, Riyad Bank, BSF, and ANB)against AI-enabled cyber threats, with a focus on identifying gaps in current frameworks, assessing employee awareness, and recommending improvements. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was employed, gathering data from banking professionals across cybersecurity, compliance, and risk management roles. The findings show that while AI-driven threats are widely recognised, frameworks are inconsistently applied, AI-powered defences are rare, and employee training lacks AI-specific content. These shortcomings reduce institutional agility and leave human awareness as the weakest layer of defence. The study is limited by its reliance on survey data, which restricts depth of institution-specific insights. It recommends mandatory AI-focused training, adoption of automated defence systems, and contextualised national frameworks. Future research should include longitudinal studies, case-specific analyses, and simulation-based testing to strengthen resilience in evolving threat environments.12 0