SACM - United States of America
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9668
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Item Restricted DUAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND ENERGY SAVING MODEL FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) USING SOLAR ENERGY HARVESTING (SEH)(University of Arizona, 2024-01-10) Albalawi, Nasser; Rozenblit, Jerzy WThe Internet of Things (IoT) is a fast-growing internet technology and has been incorporated into a wide range of fields. The optimal design of IoT systems has several challenges. The energy consumption of the devices is one of these IoT challenges, particularly for open-air IoT applications. The major energy consumption takes place due to inefficient medium access and routing, which can be addressed by the energy-efficient clustering method. In addition, the energy harvesting method can also play a major role in increasing the overall lifetime of the network. Therefore, in the proposed work, a novel energy-efficient dual energy management and saving model is proposed to manage the energy consumption of IoT networks. This model is based on dual technologies, i.e., energy-efficient clustering and solar energy harvesting (SEH). The proposed method is implemented for high-density sensor network applications. The dual elbow method is used for efficient clustering and guaranteed QoS. The model is able to manage energy consumption and increase the IoT network’s overall lifetime by optimizing IoT devices’ energy consumption. The protocol was simulated in MATLAB and compared to Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) and Time Division Multiple Access scheduling (TDMA) based Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocols based on network lifetime24 0Item Restricted Improving the Performance of Thin-film BIPV on Facades by Using Shapememory Alloy Composite Materials(Proquest, 2023-07-26) Almazam, Khaled Ali; Chang, Jae; Barrett-Gonzalez, Ronald M.; Cai, Hongyi; Silva, Kapila; Fernando, NishaThis dissertation investigates the possibility of improving the efficiency of buildingintegrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems by employing thermally adaptive composite materials. The goal is to increase energy output by maximizing the efficiency with which solar tracking and solar irradiance are used. The first step in this investigation is a thorough literature review of prior research on topics such as BIPV systems, solar tracking technologies, and the use of thermally adaptive materials. The review pinpoints the blank spots in our understanding and provides the foundation for our research hypothesis. To confirm the viability of employing thermally adaptive composite materials in BIPV systems, a pilot study is carried out. The research combines experimental and simulated data to evaluate the thermal response and effect on energy production of fixed and dynamic BIPV systems' ability to capture solar irradiance. The effectiveness of BIPV curvature is examined through extensive simulations. Solar irradiance, temperature variations, and panel tilt angle orientation are just some of the variables considered. The simulations confirm the optimal BIPV curvatures, which prompted the design and fabrication of thermally adaptive BIPV and shed light on the potential benefits of using thermally adaptive materials for solar tracking and energy optimization. A one-year experimental study was conducted in Lawrence, Kansas, at the University of Kansas campus Research and Design Center outdoor space to measure the energy production of fixed vertical BIPV, optimal fixed flat BIPV, optimal fixed curved BIPV, thermally adaptive BIPV systems at different tilting angles based on the simulation results. Hourly measurements of current and voltage, as well as surface temperature, outdoor ambient temperature, and wind speed and direction, are taken to assess performance throughout the day. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and other statistical methods are used to determine the significance of the differences. According to the results, thermally adaptive BIPV systems generate 35.8 percent more energy on average than fixed vertical BIPV systems, 12.3 percent more energy than fixed optimal flat BIPV systems, and 9.6 percent more energy than fixed optimal curved BIPV systems. The findings also show how crucial solar tracking is and how thermally adaptive composite materials can improve solar irradiance utilization. In conclusion, this dissertation offers a comprehensive look into the effect of using thermally adaptive composite materials in BIPV systems.13 0Item Restricted Solvation Dynamics of Choline Halide-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents(2023) Alfurayj, Ibrahim Ahmed; Burda, ClemensThe intermittent nature of renewable energy sources requires reliable and cheap long-term energy storage technologies. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are reliable, scalable, and cost-efficient. Electrolytes are crucial for RFB's performance. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a new class of ionic liquids with relatively cheap and easy synthesis. In addition, their properties are tunable, making DES an excellent candidate for many energy and industry applications. A DES mixture is created by combining hydrogen-bond acceptor (HBA) and donor (HBD) in a specified ratio, producing a mixture with a lower melting point than its constituent components. Varying the type and ratio of HBA results in tunning DES properties. Also, adding co-solvents, such as water, can provide further tunning to DES mixtures. This dissertation aims to study the potential of water addition, HBA choice, and the compositional variation to optimize the solvation dynamics and physicochemical properties of choline halide-based DESs. Besides the most famous Ethaline (choline chloride ChCl): ethylene glycol (EG), 1:2), we reported the first choline fluoride (ChF) and EG-based DES mixture preparation with 1:2 molar ratio. We studied physical properties upon water addition by conductivity, density, viscosity, and ET(30) polarity. NMR, FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopies were used to characterize their structures. Femtosecond transient-absorption spectroscopy (fs-TSA) and NMR-diffusometry were used to study solvation dynamics, providing a powerful tool for studying charge transport properties. Volumetric properties were used to study the effect of water in EthalineF/water and Ethaline/water mixtures. This work also investigated the eutectic enhancement of dynamics and charge transport in Ethaline. We provided excellent tools, such as using B30 as a probe molecule in time-resolved spectroscopy to study solvation dynamics and correlating DES-DES self-interactions to experimental conductivities. Also, proved that water (>1 wt.%) can accelerate charge transport and enhance physical properties. The vibrational spectroscopies indicate that EthalineF has stronger hydrogen bond interactions than Ethaline. In addition, we reported the effect of the solvodynamic radius on the observed lower conductivity in EthalineF compared to Ethaline. Furthermore, based on the NMR diffusion measurements, we assigned the two F-NMR peaks to be EG and choline associated fluorides.17 0