SACM - United States of America
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9668
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Item Restricted Geographic Organization and Commercially Successful Innovations in the Pharmaceutical Industry(Florida International University, 2024) Alharbi, Tareq; Chacar, Aya; Kumaraswamy, ArunPrior research has tied the geographic organization of firms’ innovative activities to knowledge creation and innovation. However, the theory offered and empirical results are conflicting and inconclusive. Some theorize that the geographic dispersion of firms’ innovative activities (GDFI) can facilitate external knowledge acquisition and recombination. Others argue that GDFI can dampen or stifle internal knowledge sharing and development. I present a three-part dissertation to shed new light on the relationship between GDFI and innovation. The first part involves an extensive literature review, aiming to catalog the theoretical links between GDFI and innovation. It also synthesizes prior empirical findings to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic. In the second part, I propose a situated theory of GDFI and innovation, arguing that the negative effects of GDFI will be minimized in high-stakes environments where the pressures and incentives to innovate are very high. Moreover, I argue that the negative effects of GDFI can be dampened and the positive effects enhanced by two moderating factors: firms’ external network strength and knowledge breadth. This theory is tested in the pharmaceutical industry – arguably a high-stakes innovative environment. This testing relied on extensive primary and secondary data collected for the population of public pharmaceutical firms (or 136 firms) - defined as firms that are publicly listed on a stock exchange and have obtained one or more New Molecular Entity (NME) approval by the FDA over a period of 20 years. This study finds that firms’ GDFI indeed has a positive relationship with the number of NMEs obtained. Firms’ knowledge breadth and external network strength are found to negatively moderate the relationship between GDFI and innovation. In the third part, I undertake a longitudinal historical study of two of the largest global pharmaceutical firms, Pfizer and Merck, over a seventy-year time frame to examine in more depth the organization of R&D and its relationship to innovation. These two firms are important for contrast since they have taken very different research approaches. Merck has focused for most of its history on internal knowledge development and fewer therapeutic areas. It also has kept a relatively stable geographic organization of R&D. Pfizer has drawn more extensively on external knowledge and licensing since its early days while undertaking research in many therapeutic areas. It has also had a much more dynamic R&D organization. The two case studies of Pfizer and Merck indicate support for the theory presented in this dissertation and offer a more nuanced understanding of the benefits and diseconomies associated with GDFI and the limits to such benefits.34 0Item Restricted Using Design Thinking to Develop and Improve Health Profession Curricula(University of Rochester, 2024) Matbouly, Ghassan; Daley, MichaelIn recent years, there has been a notable shift towards student-centered education, with an increasing adoption of Design Thinking (DT) frameworks in educational settings to achieve this objective. DT methodology offers a novel approach to address longstanding and complex educational challenges, emphasizing collaborative curriculum co-design with key stakeholders in health professions education (HPE). Past research has highlighted the effectiveness of DT in fostering innovative ideas that enhance learning outcomes and critical thinking skills among students. However, successful implementation of DT requires thorough preparation, ongoing monitoring of group dynamics, and continuous engagement of stakeholders. This study explores the application of DT in the development of HPE curriculum, revealing its potential to improve both the education and healthcare sectors through enhanced collaboration and innovation.25 0Item Restricted Fintech and Entrepreneurship: An Assessment Model to Evaluate Policy Instruments for Fintech Adoption by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)(ProQuest, 2023-11-01) Alassaf, Deemah; Daim, Tugrul U.Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the engines that drive economic development. They are the backbone of the middle class as they provide social stability, innovation, inclusive growth, and poverty alleviation. SMEs contribute significantly to job creation, employment, tax provision and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, they face inferior conditions and challenges when it comes to their financing compared to that of large enterprises, as well as having a high expectancy of failing. Because of these limitations, SMEs tend to grow slowly since building up higher credit is difficult for them, and in addition to this, they lack access to broad financing channels. Hence, Fintech solutions offer promising potential for improving SMEs’ access to finance through extending them more accessible and available services, more efficient credit risk assessments and reduced transaction costs. These tools can offer a valuable opportunity for ventures that are too small in size, and involve a great deal of risk, or serve a social purpose. While researchers and practitioners have been promoting Fintech as a potential financial safeguard for SMEs’ needs, evidence shows an inadequate adoption rate of SMEs to such solutions. Therefore, this research aims to provide a comprehensive examination for Fintech policy instruments and analyze their effectiveness on increasing the adoption of Fintech by SMEs through evaluating the essential policy targets impacting the adoption of Fintech and assessing their weights and priorities in the context of SMEs. The research was built upon an inclusive hierarchical decision model and a comprehensive literature review. Experts’ insights were utilized to identify the most important factors influencing Fintech adoption and policy effectiveness. The Hierarchical Decision Modeling (HDM) methodology was used to identify the relative importance of those factors proposing a policy evaluation tool to assess the effectiveness of policy instruments on increasing Fintech adoption. To test the practicality and value the research model adds to the research objective, a case study of the policy instrument effectiveness, the Saudi Arabian regulatory sandbox, was conducted. This research presents the identification of seventeen distinct policy targets that fall within four main perspectives along with their relative weights, as it also integrates the desirability curves methodology that measures the importance of each perspective and criterion. The case study was introduced to illustrate how the model could be used to identify the policy instrument’s actual performance in terms of influencing SMEs adoption of Fintech, identify the instrument’s strengths and weaknesses, and offer recommendations and guiding principles on how to improve the detected weaknesses to increase the policy instrument’s effectiveness on increasing the adoption of Fintech by SMEs.29 0