SACM - United States of America
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9668
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Item Restricted Corporate Social Responsibility in an Islamic Environment: Analysis of Ramadan and Eid Al-Fitr Advertisements for STC, Zain, and Mobily Telecom Company from the Lens of Legitimacy Theory(Virginia Commonwealth University, 2024) Albarakati, Entesar; Song, BaobaoCORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN AN ISLAMIC ENVIRONMENT: ANALYSIS OF RAMADAN AND EID AL-FITR ADVERTISEMENTS FOR STC, ZAIN, AND MOBILY TELECOM COMPANY FROM THE LENS OF LEGITIMACY THEORY By Entesar Albarakati, Ph.D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2024 Major Director: Baobao Song, Assistant Professor, Richard T. Robertson School of Media and Culture The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gained popularity in recent decades as the number of corporations that engage in CSR continues to grow. In the last 20 years the breadth of CSR has expanded substantially, not only in terms of the variety, scope, and influence of business policies, but also in terms of scholarly research. Despite the expansion of the field of CSR, Islamic corporate social responsibility (ICSR) still receives less attention in academic research than traditional CSR, perhaps because of the lack of defining boundaries and basic principles of ICSR. In Islamic countries such as the Middle East, there exist notable variations in cultural, economic, political, and religious traditions. Hence, the applicability of the existing body of research on CSR in other regions cannot be readily extrapolated to the Middle East (ME). This research aims to investigate CSR messages in an Islamic environment by assessing the content of advertisements for three telecom communication companies operating in Saudi Arabia during Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr. The study used a quantitative content analysis technique guided by legitimacy theory to answer the research questions. A total of 51 advertisements issued from 2008 to 2023 were examined. The results revealed that the bulk of CSR advertisements were concentrated between 2016 and 2023; they also showed the importance of advertising during Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr, as the rate of ad views reached millions, confirming the importance of these two religious occasions. The study dealt with three primary axes that were included in CSR ads—first, legitimacy. The results demonstrated that moral legitimacy (23%) was the most common type of legitimacy included in CSR ads, followed by pragmatic legitimacy (13%), followed by practical legitimacy (5.9%). Second, religious customs and values were included in 58.8% of advertisements. Third, SDSGs—29.4% of ads included SDGs. This study and previous studies confirm that CSR in Islam still receives less attention in academic research compared to traditional corporate social responsibility. Therefore, this study recommends establishing specific limits and basic principles for corporate social responsibility in Islam. This is done by defining established standards and guidelines for measuring and evaluating CSR practices in Islam. The study recommends diversifying the method, industries, religious customs and values, and geographical and economic regions in Islamic countries,22 0Item Restricted TEACHERS’ APPROACHES TO DEVELOPING TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP QUALITIES IN MIDDLE AND SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SAUDI ARABIA(University of The Incarnate Word, 2024-05-23) Alkathiri, Mona; Hernández, Arthur E.Research Focus. The purpose of the current study was to examine the opinions of KSA teachers regarding the appropriate instructional, extra-curricular, and understanding activities that pertain to the development of leadership, social skills, and personal traits of KSA secondary school students. Research Methods. This study employed a qualitative, case study research design as an exploratory method of analyzing how transformational leadership principles could be the central organizing principle reorganizing the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) public school system by 2030. A purposive sample of 18 active secondary school participants were recruited from a population of teachers in middle and secondary schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data was collected by telephone survey and organized, coded, and analyzed using Bass transformational theory (Bass (1998) and Poutiatine’s (2009) nine principles of transformational leadership guidelines. Research Results/Findings. Findings were two-thirds of leadership qualities in the form of personal traits are taught at home by parents, siblings, friends, and self-teaching; and only one-third of leadership qualities in the form of social skills can be taught in instructional courses in middle and secondary school education assuming current school curriculum guidelines that may be changing. Conclusions from Research. These findings potentially imply that if leadership is to be taken seriously as a singular organizing principle of KSA early childhood education, significant structural changes in early education curricula will likely also have to change potentially along with a realignment of qualified teaching staff. For example, it may be possible to include more personal trait leadership training within the context of instruction training curricula for social skills just as it may be possible to add personal leadership training with the context of other non-leadership classes without having to change curricula, just by slightly modifying course content with the awareness that leadership personal trait leadership training is important to include wherever it can be easily added. What this study has revealed is a school system in transition, not quite transformed yet, but mindful of what may be coming soon and what might need to be changed to more closely fulfill KSA’s national objectives. Clearly, although potentially disruptive, changes can be made to both curricula, staffing, recruitment, internalizing extracurricular activities or forming linkages with external organizations that may provide helpful extracurricular activities, and relationships between parent-teacher interactions to integrate more closely leadership training in both the home and the school. Recommendations suggested including social skills and personal trait leadership training beginning in primary school and concentrating most of the training in primary and middle schools because of the greater receptivity of younger students. Other suggestions were retooling instructional courses to include more personal trait leadership opportunities for student learning. Also suggested were integrating more extracurricular leadership experience personal trait and social skills training of students into more school programs such as radio stations, private corporations, community organizations, and institutions.27 0Item Restricted AN EXPLORATION OF AN IMAM’S PERSPECTIVE: THE ROLE OF RELIGIOUS LEADERS IN SUPPORTING DIABETES SELF CARE IN SAUDI ARABIA(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-12-16) Alharbi, Majed; Brown, Ellen; Paul-Ward, Amy; Goldin, Deana; Miller, Aundrey; Frazeier, LeslieThere is growing interest in engaging faith-based organizations and religious leaders in supporting congregant chronic disease management. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is prevalent in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and it is the second highest in the Middle East. The country has the seventh highest T2DM world-wide prevalence of diabetes. Imams are the community religious leaders in Saudi Arabia with established, often ongoing, relationships with congregants: However, scant research has been focused on the role of Imams in supporting disease management and no research focused on T2DM self-care as may be supported by Imams in Saudi Arabia. This qualitative study is aimed to explore cultural and religious barriers and facilitators associated with adherence to diabetes self- care by exploring Imams’ knowledge and perceptions of diabetes self-care, and the potential role these religious leaders play in the promotion of adherence to diabetes self- care. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nineteen Imams who deliver the Friday’s sermon. A purposeful snowball sampling strategy was used. A thematic analysis vii (TA) approach allowed for the identification of the themes and their respective categories. The study findings revealed Imams had a perceived low level of health-relative knowledge about T2DM and its risk factors. Some participants were unaware of the significance of self-care in managing T2DM. Several participants additionally reported that the Saudi lifestyle and religious beliefs impacted health care seeking behavior, diet, and exercise. Identified barriers to adhering to diabetes self-care included potential religious misconceptions about Islamic concepts such as reliance on God, being patient, and destiny. This study provides significant insights into the religious-cultural determinants of T2DM self-care and the potential role of Imams. These findings suggest if the Imams in Saudi Arabia are provided with relevant education, this could be an impetus for congregant support, motivation, and correction of religious misconceptions in relation to T2DM self-care. These study findings overall can serve as a guide for healthcare providers and policymakers in developing effective interventions to promote T2DM self-care within the Saudi community.42 0Item Restricted Respiratory Therapy Students’ Perception on Online Learning During COVID-19 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-11-17) Alshehri, Faisal; Goodfellow, LyndaBACKGROUND: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, electronic learning (E-learning) has emerged as the primary method for delivering educational materials, particularly within the scope of Saudi Arabian (SA) Respiratory Therapy (RT) education. PURPOSE: To evaluate the perception of E-learning among RT students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) by comparing face-to-face learning to E-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey to investigate the perception of E-learning was conducted and distributed using a convenience sample of RT students through an online platform (Google Forms) between September and November 2023. RESULTS: Overall, 221 RT students, with females accounting for 119 (53.8%), replied to the online survey. The study revealed several advantages of E-learning, including the ability to study at home (67.9%), access to online materials (64.7%), and learning at own pace (62.4%). The main disadvantages as indicated by most respondents were the lack of interactions with patients (70.1%), technical problems (56.6%), and reduced interaction with teachers (50.7%). No significant difference in the perceptions of knowledge enhancement between face-to-face and E-learning methods (P = .32). However, E-learning was considered a lower effective method than face-to-face learning for both clinical skill development (P < .001), and social competencies (P < .001). Additionally, respondents reported that they were less actively engaged during E-learning classes compared to face-to-face classes (P < .001). Nonetheless, a significant percentage of respondents (71.9%) claimed that E-learning was an enjoyable experience. CONCLUSION: This research emphasizes the potency of E-learning in terms of increasing knowledge as a valuable tool for educating Saudi RT students. Nevertheless, it highlights the need for a meticulously planned strategy and a proactive implementation approach to effectively implement clinical and social skills E-learning into the educational framework of RT students.37 0Item Restricted Tobacco Smoking Among Saudi College Students: Validation Of An Arabic Health Belief Model Instrument(2023) Alotaibi, Saad Abdullah S; Durgampudi, Praveen; Al-Taiar, Abdullah; Abdous, M’HammedThis dissertation intended to learn more about Saudi college students' behavior in relation to the use of tobacco smoking. Multiple interrelated projects have been carried out in order to achieve this ambitious goal. The goal of the first study was to evaluate the scope of the existing smoking issue as indicated by research, by systematically estimating the prevalence of tobacco use among higher education students in Saudi Arabia. The second study aimed to systematically analyze and integrate the existing information on the determinants of smoking among Saudi college students. The last project aimed to develop a psychometric instrument to evaluate Saudi students' beliefs about cigarette smoking based on a theoretical model. The meta-analysis (Project 1) estimated that the 17% of Saudi students were current smokers. In order to obtain a reliable prevalence rate over time, the study suggested implementing a nationwide surveillance system that measures and monitors Saudi students’ smoking behaviors. The second systematic review (Project 2) determined that individual level factors were the most studied. Another finding was the limited usage of theoretical frameworks. The study advocated for the use of rigorous research methodologies and for the use of multi-level frameworks. The final project (3) was intended to generate and to validate a psychometric property to evaluate students’ beliefs about cigarette smoking, using an individual level framework. The Arabic Health Belief Model questionnaire demonstrated its sound validity and reliability. Future research is encouraged, in order to expand knowledge about smoking behaviors among college students in Saudi Arabia.24 0