SACM - United States of America
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9668
Browse
4 results
Search Results
Item Restricted EVALUATION OF HYDRATION PROTOCOLS FOR HUMAN CORTICAL MINERALIZED PARTICULATE ALLOGRAFTS(Saudi Digital Library, 0025-05-07) Aljowhara, Faraidy; Santana, RonaldoObjective: Bone graft hydration is a critical yet under-explored factor influencing the handling and performance of allograft materials in regenerative procedures. Most manufacturers suggest that biomaterial should be hydrated for at least 30 minutes before use. However, despite widespread clinical use, no standardized hydration protocol exists, and the impact of hydration on the chemical composition, mineralization, and structural integrity of graft materials remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical alterations of mineralized particulate bone grafts following hydration at varying concentrations and time points. Methods: Three commercially available human allograft materials {Straumann Mineralized (SM), Geistlich Mineralized (GM), and Zimmer Mineralized (ZM)} from three different manufacturers, with particle sizes ranging from 250–1000 µm, were examined. The granules were hydrated in 0.9% saline at concentrations of 50 µL and 500 µL and incubated for 1, 10, and 30 minutes. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was employed to assess hydration-induced structural changes. Chemical composition and molecular alterations were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and spectral data were processed using second-derivative analysis to improve peak resolution, allowing for the quantification of vibrational bands. Results: SEM analysis revealed no significant differences in surface morphology of the mineralized grafts after hydration. FTIR analysis showed chemical homogeneity across graft materials, with variations in peak intensities reflecting differences in molecular concentrations, mineralization, and collagen integrity. Biomaterial hydration promoted significant selective spectral band increases for all the time points evaluated. Prolonged hydration times did not produce significant or proportional spectral shifts, suggesting a saturation threshold after 1 minute of hydration. Conclusions: Increasing hydration time did not result in significant changes in vibrational bands, suggesting that hydration times longer than 1 minute have minimal impact on the molecular structure of the particulate allografts evaluated.15 0Item Restricted MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 3D-PRINTED VENEER MATERIALS(Saudi Digital Library, 2025-06-17) NASIR, ADNAN; Russell, Giordano IIObjectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the mechanical and physical properties of two 3D-printed dental veneer material, Rodin Envision and SprintRay OnX Tough 2. The primary focus was on determining minimum printable thickness, flexural strength, fracture toughness, wear resistance, translucency, color stability, surface roughness, gloss retention, and filler content by weight. Materials and Methods: Two resin-based materials were analyzed: Rodin Envision (Pac-Dent, USA) and OnX Tough 2 (SprintRay, USA), fabricated using Asiga Max and Sprintray P95 printers, respectively. Specimens were designed and tested following ISO standards. Minimum printable thicknesses tested were 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4-, and 0.5-mm. Evaluations included three-point flexural strength, fracture toughness, wear resistance (extrapolated to 1 million cycles), translucency, and surface roughness pre- and post-immersion. Color stability was assessed using three staining solutions: coffee, tea, and 0.1 ppm toluidine blue. Gloss retention was measured before and after thermocycling, and filler content was determined using ash burnout. Microstructural analysis was conducted using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Results: Rodin Envision demonstrated significantly superior performance in print precision, mechanical strength, wear resistance, and gloss retention. It achieved accurate prints at 0.2 mm and higher, and exhibited higher flexural strength (155.3 MPa vs. 128.2 MPa) and modulus (5.72 GPa vs. 4.16 GPa). Envision also outperformed OnX Tough 2 in fracture toughness, translucency, and gloss retention. However, OnX Tough 2 showed better color stability in tea and retained lower surface roughness after staining. Filler content analysis revealed higher inorganic loading in Envision (51.73%) compared to OnX Tough 2 (35.3%). Conclusion: Rodin Envision presents superior mechanical and physical properties across most tested domains, making it a more suitable candidate for high-performance esthetic dental restorations. OnX Tough 2 may be preferred in clinical scenarios prioritizing color stability and flexibility. These findings underscore the importance of material selection in optimizing the performance of 3D-printed veneers.24 0Item Restricted Biaxial flexural strength of lithium-based CAD/CAM dental glass-ceramics(univirsity of florida, 2025) Alhindi, Saleh; Abdulhameed, Nader; Mateus, Rocha; Roulet, Jean-FrancoisAbstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the biaxial flexural strength of four CAD/CAM dental glass-based ceramics containing lithium in the crystalline structure. Material and methods: A universal testing machine is used to evaluate the biaxial flexural strength of four groups of ceramic materials: IPS e.max CAD, GC LiSi Block, CEREC Tessera, and unbranded. Each group contains 20 samples, for a total of 80 samples. In addition to that, the microstructure was examined using SEM. Results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test for multiple comparisons, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. Weibull Analysis was used to assess the biaxial flexural strength and was also based on the 66% log-likelihood parameter for the different ceramics. Result: CEREC Tessera demonstrated the highest BFS, while GC LiSi Block was the lowest. There were no statistically significant differences between IPS e.max CAD, CEREC Tessera, and unbranded (p>0.05), whereas GC LiSi Block exhibited significant differences (p<0.05). The chemical composition and microstructure of the tested samples varied significantly, including the presence of zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) in IPS e.max CAD and distinct crystal morphologies across the materials. Conclusion: Statistically significant differences in biaxial flexural strength (BFS) were observed between GC LiSi Block and the other ceramic groups, with GC LiSi Block exhibiting the lowest flexural strength (p < 0.05). Additionally, the chemical composition and microstructure of the tested samples varied significantly. Therefore, both null hypotheses of this study were rejected. From a clinical perspective, despite these variations, all tested materials exceeded the ISO 6872:2015 threshold of 300 MPa, confirming their suitability for various restorative applications.10 0Item Restricted Factors impacting Saudi women’s adoption of non-traditional dress for use in public: An application of the theory of planned behavior(Saudi Digital Library, 2023) Alghamdi, Rawan; Fiore, Ann-MarieIn Saudi Arabia, women's rights are at the forefront of debate. Modernizing the country includes changes in various aspects of women’s lives, such as the relaxation of the strict public dress code. As of 2018, Saudi women are no longer required to wear traditional abayas (long black abayas with a hair covering and optional face covering) (Abdulaziz, 2019). Presently, Saudi women may choose to wear a fashionable and less conservative dress in public, as long as it is modest and adheres to Islamic guidelines. To date, it appears that research has not examined the factors that affect Saudi women's intention to purchase non-traditional abayas. The purpose of the present study was to examine the factors that impact Saudi women’s adoption of such abayas. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) was utilized. Its three key factors (attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control) are strong predictors of behavioral intention (Ajzen, 1991). To elucidate how appearance reflects an individual’s public identity, social and psychological aspects of dress theories were reviewed in the present study, including (1) the public, private, and secret self-model (Eicher, 1981), (2) self-concept theory (Sirgy, 1982), (3) symbolic consumption theory (Levy, 1959), (4) extended-self theory (Belk, 1988), and aspect of ambivalence and ambiguity. The objectives of the present study were to measure (1) the impact of the psychographic variables (the need for uniqueness and religiosity) on Saudi women’s fashion innovativeness, (2) the impact of fashion innovativeness on Saudi women’s attitude toward purchasing non- traditional public abayas, (3) the effect of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on Saudi women’s intentions to purchase non-traditional abayas for use in public, and (4) the moderating effect of the independent-self construal on the relationship between subjective norms and Saudi women’s intentions to purchase non-traditional abayas. A quantitative research approach (Creswell & Creswell, 2018) was implemented. A pilot study was conducted with 15 Saudi women to ensure the clarity of the survey’s wording and to determine the amount of time required. An online Arabic survey was distributed among a convenience sample of Saudi women through the social media platform (WhatsApp). A total of 1,101 Saudi women, 18 years old or older, participated in the study. The data were analyzed in three main stages, employing the following statistical tests: (1) exploratory factor analysis (EFA); (2) structural equation modeling (SEM), including confirmatory factor analysis (CFA); and (3) moderation analysis. The result of the EFA revealed that attitude and purchase intention were unexpectedly combined into one variable (attitude/purchase intention). The measurement model for the TPB variables and the combined attitude/purchase intention variable yielded an acceptable fit. Moreover, the structural model revealed the following findings: (1) the need for uniqueness had a nonsignificant impact on fashion innovativeness, (2) religiosity had a significant (but reverse) effect on fashion innovativeness, (3) fashion innovativeness had a nonsignificant impact on attitude toward purchasing non-traditional abayas, (4) subjective norms had a significant positive impact on attitude/purchase intention and perceived behavioral control, and (5) perceived behavioral control had a nonsignificant impact on attitude/purchase intention. Furthermore, the moderating effect of independent self-construal on the relationship between subjective norms and Saudi women's intentions to purchase non-traditional abayas was found to be statistically nonsignificant. The results of the fully recursive model showed the addition of six significant paths; the need for uniqueness and religiosity each had a significant direct effect on subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and attitude/purchase intention. The absence of confirmation regarding the TPB has theoretical implications for scholars who study consumer behavior in a collectivist society. However, incorporating antecedent variables, in this case--need for uniqueness and religiosity--to the TPB model may enhance its ability to predict collectivist consumers’ behavioral intentions. The findings have the potential to benefit marketers in Saudi Arabia by enhancing their understanding of the factors that influence Saudi women’s intention to purchase non-traditional abayas. For instance, the findings suggest take religiosity level should be taken into consideration when segmenting consumers.21 0