SACM - United States of America
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9668
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Item Restricted Role of HIV-1 Nef in reduced migration of Macrophages in the Lung of HIV-Tg Mice(Saudi Digital Library, 2022-12) Alrajhi, Yousef; Jerebtsova, MarinaBackground: Past studies have shown that antiretroviral therapy significantly improved the longevity of HIV-infected patients. However, chronic long-term HIV-1 infection is complicated by the increased rates of age-associated chronic diseases, particularly non-infectious respiratory disorders. The mechanism of increased lung non-infectious lung diseases in people living with HIV is poorly understood. An HIV-transgenic mouse model was used to study LPS-induced lung injury. Reduced lung macrophage infiltration and increased lung neutrophil infiltrations with increased lung injury after LPS injection was demonstrated in HIV-transgenic (HIV-Tg) compared to wild-type mice (WT). Activated macrophages accumulated in the capillaries of HIV-Tg mice after LPS injection. The results further showed that Inhibition of HIV-1 transcription significantly increased macrophages' lung infiltration and reduced lung injury in HIV-Tg mice. Hypothesis: We, therefore, hypothesize that reduced LPS-induced lung macrophage migration in HIV-Tg mice is associated with the activation of Src kinase by HIV-1 Nef. We further hypothesize that inhibition of Src activation by PPi inhibitor will restore regular lung macrophage migration and reduces lung injury. Methods: HIV Tg mice and wild-type littermates (WT) were injected with LPS, and blood and lungs were collected 24h after injection. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18) and Nef in the lung. ELISAs were used to detect the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α). Levels of Src kinase and phosphorylated Src were determined by Western Blot and flow cytometry. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate lung injury—immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining were used to assess lung macrophage infiltration. Results: Our results demonstrate higher levels of LPS-induced inflammation in HIV-Tg mice. Nef was not expressed in the lung of HIV-Tg mice but was detected in the infiltrated immune cells after LPS injection. Src was expressed and was highly phosphorylated in the lungs of both HIVTg and WT mice. LPS injection significantly reduced lung Src phosphorylation, but Src was highly phosphorylated in the capillary macrophages of HIV-Tg mice. PPI inhibitor of Src significantly reduces lung injury and increases macrophage migration in the lung of HIV Tg mice. Conclusion: Inhibition of Src with PPi improves migration of macrophages and reduces lung injury of HIV-Tg mice.13 0Item Restricted Perceptions of Healthcare Students toward Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programs for COPD Patients(2023) Assiry, Amani; Gardenhire, Douglas; Robert B, Murray; Brandenberg, KyleBackground: Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) program is an effective non-pharmacological intervention for patients with COPD. It aims to improve quality of life, exercise capacity, and lung function. PR has been shown to reduce mortality and morbidity rate. To enhance COPD management strategies, it is essential to examine students' perceptions toward PR programs to determine the need for the implementation of educational courses about the effectiveness of PR programs. This study would also be considered one of the initial steps in developing a pulmonary rehabilitation education course in the curriculum of all healthcare programs at Georgia State University. Purpose: was to assess the perceptions of various enrolled healthcare students at a large urban university. Methods: The data used for this study were collected from three different healthcare programs at GSU using a convenience sample. Data were collected through a self- administered survey consisting of 38 questions on a 5-point Likert-type scale evaluating the perceptions. The survey was examined for face validity by respiratory therapy educators from GSU. Data was analyzed using the statistical program of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: A total of 178 participants from three programs. The majority of respondents were respiratory therapy students (43.3%); followed by physical therapy (39.9%); occupational therapy (16.9%). The study findings revealed there were differences in the perception of students regarding pulmonary rehabilitation. There was a significant difference in positive perceptions between students who had experience attending PR programs and those who did not (p=0.043). There were no differences found among students in familiarity with PR programs (p=0.060). Finally, there were no differences in the perception of students regarding the factors that could influence COPD patients' decisions not to participate in the PR programs. Conclusion: Healthcare students value and have a positive perception toward PR. The results of this study support the idea of the implantation of PR courses throughout the healthcare program curriculum. Healthcare students felt that they had an important role in PR programs, but barriers to participating and assisting in PR included their own lack of knowledge and clinical experience. They considered that there should be more teaching on pulmonary rehabilitation and that these should feature in both the curriculum and clinical. Further studies with a higher number of participants and different institutions are recommended.14 0