SACM - United States of America
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9668
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Item Restricted LIKE PARENTS, LIKE CHILDREN? Investigating the Influence of Parental Vaccination Status on Children's Vaccination Uptake(New York Medical College, 2024) Abduljawad, Sahar; Knapp, KennethBackground: Enormous efforts have been made to manage the spread and consequences of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) through the creation of vaccines. Despite the availability of vaccines, the vaccination rate against COVID-19 for children remains low. Since parents play a major role in deciding whether to vaccinate their children, focusing on parental factors, such as the parents’ vaccination status, this study addresses a critical gap in comprehending the dynamics of children’s vaccination uptake. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted and the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data from 2021-2021 were analyzed. The sample had 5,433 respondents from the United States. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were used to examine whether parental factors including parents' vaccination status influence their children's vaccination uptake. Results: The final logistic regression model showed that the odds of a child being vaccinated against Covid were 25 times greater if a parent was vaccinated as well as the odds were lower by 20% if a parent had previously tested positive for Covid; both were statistically significant (p-value < 0.001). Findings also revealed that children who received the Covid vaccine had statistically significant greater odds of having older ( ≥ 40), college-educated, high-income, and married parents. Hispanic or other non-Hispanic parents were more inclined to vaccinate their children compared to White non-Hispanic parents. Parents’ availability of health coverage and the presence of chronic health conditions were found to be not statistically significant.16 0Item Restricted EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL CAPITAL AND VOLUNTEERING ACROSS CONTEXTS(The Pennsylvania State University, 2024-05) Nassif, Majda; Mallinson, DanielWith the decline in social capital and volunteering rates in the United States, there is a cause for concern, especially since the decline is evident in college-aged individuals. With limited government spending on social programs and recurring crises like natural disasters and novel disease outbreaks, the need for volunteers will continue to increase. This dissertation investigates how social capital can be utilized to promote volunteering. It studies the relationship between social capital and volunteering at both the institutional and community levels of analysis. The study begins with a comprehensive scoping review of the literature. Chapter 2 examines the relationship between social capital and volunteering. Substantial research examines the causal linkages between social capital and volunteering, but it is scattered across multiple academic disciplines and types of volunteering. Further, researchers consider social capital either as a cause of volunteering, or volunteering as a cause of the growth in social capital. This makes directionality a point of significant debate, which is captured in the review. It also examines the volunteering fields that have been studied, the methods and theories used for these studies, and the specific indicators for measuring social capital. The study finds that most studies confirm social capital is developed through volunteering. It concludes with future research directions addressing the gaps identified in the volunteer sector, theory, methods, and measures. Chapter 3 starts with a broad view of declining government spending and the associated increase in the overall need for volunteers over time. However, this contrasts with the fact that volunteering rates have been declining in recent years, especially among college-aged individuals. This study fills a gap in the literature by examining how social capital and various institutional factors influence volunteering rates among college students. The study utilizes multiple linear regression analysis using data from the Social Capital Atlas and the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System. The results show a positive association between two of the indicators used to measure social capital and volunteering rates. The results of the study shed light on the critical importance of social capital and other institutional factors on college student volunteering. These insights can guide interventions designed to promote volunteerism. Finally, Chapter 4 examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the relationship between social capital and volunteering. Most studies discuss community resilience, whereas others consider COVID-19 policies as a disruptor of social relations with the implemented measures such as masking and social distancing shutdowns. This chapter presents statistical analyses using Census data of US counties to test the relationship between social capital and volunteering before (2018-19) and during (2020-21) the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings show the change in the dynamics of the relationship as pre-COVID-19, where higher social capital was associated with lower volunteering rates, whereas during the pandemic counties with higher levels of social capital had higher levels of informal volunteering.34 0Item Restricted LIVED EXPERIENCES OF SAUDI NURSES WORKING WITH COVID-19 PATIENTS: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL INQUIRY(Barry University, 2024-05-08) Alharbi, Bandar; Colin, JessieBackground: Nurses in Saudi Arabia who have worked with COVID-19 patients practice under highly stressful conditions which threaten their health and ability to work. The negative impacts will continue to occur and may result in an unsafe working environment without an understanding of the lived experience of Saudi nurses working in a clinical setting. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the lived experiences of Saudi nurses working with COVID-19 patients. Philosophical Underpinning: A transcendental phenomenological qualitative approach guided by an interpretivist paradigm was engaged to gain an understanding of the lived experiences of Saudi nurses working with COVID-19 patients. Methods: The target population for the study participants was Saudi nurses who work with COVID-19 patients in Al Madinah City, Saudi Arabia. Purposive and snowball sampling was used. Data analysis was guided by Moustakas’ 1994 model of transcendental phenomenology. Results: Four themes emerged from fifteen study participants: Fearing COVID-19, Lacking Resources, Supporting and Encouraging, and Being Socially isolated. Conclusions: This study revealed that Saudi nurses face many challenges while caring for COVID-19 patients. The findings of this study have the potential to assist healthcare institutions in understanding the challenges nurses face while providing care to infected patients. These will enable institutions to devise strategies that effectively tackle these challenges and enhance the overall quality of patient care.25 0Item Restricted AN ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOR AND RETAILERS' BUSINESS MODEL IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA(University of Central Florida, 2023) Alfardan, Bader; O'Neal,ThomasThis study aims to explore the impact of COVID-19 on consumer buying behavior and shifts in retail business models within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in response to the challenges introduced by the pandemic. The study had several objectives, including examining the global impact of the pandemic on retail consumers, analyzing variations in the effect on luxury and essential products, investigating the strategies employed by physical store retailers to address the consequences of COVID-19, and providing recommendations for retailers to operate sustainably in the future. To achieve these objectives, the study utilized a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative and qualitative research. Data was collected from 180 consumer respondents via a quantitative survey questionnaire and from eight retailers through one-on-one interviews. Reliability analysis was conducted using Cronbach's Alpha. Subsequently, the data was evaluated through frequency and cross-tabulation methods, while interview transcripts served to corroborate and contrast the quantitative findings. The study revealed that the COVID19 pandemic significantly altered consumer shopping patterns. There was a heightened demand for groceries, essentials, health and hygiene products, while non-essentials and luxury items experienced reduced demand. Consumers showed a preference for online retail platforms over traditional brick-and-mortar stores. Based on these findings, Saudi Arabian retailers are advised to exploit a hybrid model, blending online and physical stores in the post-COVID period, and to establish multiple online sales touchpoints. Luxury retailers, in particular, are encouraged to diversify their portfolio range to include value-for-money options, leverage social media marketing to promote their offerings, and improve consumer perceptions around online purchasing, specifically in the areas of delivery and return policies.49 0Item Restricted Investigation of Existing and New Human Resources Practices on Public Health Eemployee Retention During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-07-30) Alattas, Mohsen Mohammed; Jang, Hee Soun; Andrew, Simon; Benavides, Abraham; Shi, KellyThis research investigates existing and new HR practices that have impacted public health employee retention in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. It builds on social support theory and social exchange theory to better understand the relationships between HR practices and retention, and uses quantitative methods to examine the hypotheses based on a conceptual framework. While OLS regression is employed to analyze the relationships between HR practices and retention, path analysis (bootstrapping) is used to examine the mediator variable. Based on 417 valid questionnaires distributed to public health employees in Saudi Arabia’s central, western, and eastern regions, the analysis illustrates that while training and emphasis on work-life-balance as existing HR practices had a positive effect on retention, social support (supervisory support) and promotion of mental well-being as new HR practices also had a positive effect on retention during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the hypothesis that compensation and occupational health and safety would improve retention was not supported. These results indicate that financial benefits and providing safety materials did not lead to employee retention. Meanwhile, safety training programs, psychosocial support, and promotion of well-being have been essential HR practices during the pandemic. Regarding the mediation hypotheses, interestingly, the results show that organizational commitment has mediated relationships between safety training and mental (psychological) well-being on one hand and public health retention on the other during the pandemic.32 0Item Restricted Perception and prevalence of utilizing APRV mode with Covid-19 cases among Respiratory Therapists in Saudi Arabia(2023) Alrehaili, Jihad; Goodfello, LyndaBackground: Covid-19 is a recent pandemic that spread globally. Consequently, little research focused on Covid-19 that compared different mechanical ventilator modalities that were suitable for these cases. Investigating appropriate mechanical ventilation techniques such as APRV that control the pandemic is necessary to confront any future pandemic. RTs' beliefs and practices of utilizing mechanical ventilation during the Covid-19 pandemic are essential to establish a guideline to manage ventilated Covid-19 cases. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the perception, prevalence, and utilization of APRV mode with Covid-19 patients among respiratory therapists in Saudi Arabia. Methods: The study utilized an online, cross-sectional survey with 29 questions administered to a convenience sample of Saudi Arabian RTs. The survey was divided into three sections to obtain information from respondents. These sections are demographic data, perceptions regarding APRV and ARDS, and the prevalence of utilizing APRV on patients with Covid-19 associated ARDS. Result: Eighty-six responses were obtained from the online survey that was sent to many respiratory therapy departments in different regions across SA. Two participants refused to participate, and n=47 (54.7%) of responders did not complete the survey, and their answers were excluded. Therefore, n=37 (43%) respondents completed the survey. The majority of respondents were male n=31 (83.8%), whereas the female accounted for n=6 (16.2%) of respondents. Most of the respondents held a bachelor's degree n=32 (86.5%), while only n=5 (13.5%) held a master's degree. There were no responders who held associate or Ph.D. degrees. The result showed there was a high level of confidence among RTs that using APRV with Covid-19 cases was effective with a mean of (2.97± 0.763). Furthermore, the results showed that RTs believed that Covid-19 associated ARDS had a similar clinical picture of non-Covid-19 associated ARDS n=28 (75.7%). A Kruskal-Wallis Test revealed no significant difference in using APRV with Covid-19 cases during the pandemic between the region of practice in Saudi Arabia, Kruskal-Wallis H=3.219, p=.395. Also, the results showed that there was no significant difference among different qualifications (p=0.875). Conclusion: The overall level of perception of APRV needs to be improved, which, in turn, can improve and strengthen the management of ARDS and respiratory disorders and increase the average survival rate in Saudi Arabia. More educational sessions and classes are required for this purpose.19 0