SACM - United States of America
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9668
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Item Restricted Extreme Urban Heat(Ohio State University, 2024) Alhusaki, Saeed; Boswell, Jake; Cheramie, Kristi; Cruse, Andrew; Best, Kelsea; Ghosh, UjaanExtreme heat events have significant impacts on urban environments and their residents. They can shape the physical form of cities, influence urban planning and design, and even mold the cultural identity of urban communities. This thesis aims to investigate the interplay between extreme heat events, city formation, and cultural identity that happened in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Working methods for this study will be the development of a historical narrative through the lens of extreme heat and its impacts on urban form and patterns of urban behavior. The aim of this work is to understand Jeddah's history of responding to extreme heat over time, comprehend the factors exacerbating urban heat, and assess their impacts on society and the environment in order to design an ideal residential model tailored to Jeddah's climate and meeting housing needs. This model will be derived from lessons learned from literature review and precedent analysis that are tailored to Jeddah's climate with the ambition of producing a model that can mitigate the impact of climate change on the city and other urban areas facing extreme urban heat due to climate change.37 0Item Restricted Mathematical Assessment of the Transmission Dynamics and Control of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2023) Alatawi, Adel; Gumel, AbbaThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), which hosts some of the largest mass gatherings of humans globally every year, has seen the emergence of two coronavirus pandemics, namely the 2012 middle eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) and the 2019 SARS-CoV-2 pandemics. This dissertation contributes in providing deeper insight into the transmission dynamics and control of the two diseases in the Kingdom. A model for SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics, which incorporates the key features of the disease, was designed first of all. Its disease-free equilibrium was shown, using Lyapunov function theory, to be globally-asymptotically stable when the associated reproduction number is less than one. The model, which has a unique and locally- asymptotically stable endemic equilibrium (for a special case) when the reproduction threshold exceeds one, was fitted using observed data for the KSA. Global sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify the key parameters of the model that have the most influence on the disease burden in the Kingdom. The model was used to assess the population-level impacts of control and mitigation interventions. It was shown that a face mask use strategy, based on using masks of moderate to high efficacy, can lead to the elimination of the pandemic if the coverage in its usage is high enough. A model for the spread of MERS-CoV in the human and camel host populations was also designed, rigorously analysed, and fitted with data. The model was later extended to include the use of intervention measures, notably vaccination of humans and camels and the use of face mask by humans in public or when having frequent closed contacts with camels. The population-level impacts of these interventions, implemented in isolation or in combinations, were assessed. The study showed that focusing intervention resources on containing the MERS-CoV spread in the camel population would be more effective than on containing the spread in humans.41 0