SACM - United States of America
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9668
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Item Restricted The Relationship between Depression, Stress-Related Neurobiology, and Incident Heart Failure: Understanding the Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Exercise as a Preventive Measure(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-04) Alhamam, Abdulaziz Arif Abdulaziz; Tawakol, AhmedBackground: Depression is associated with risk of developing heart failure (HF). Also, higher stress-related neural activity (SNA) associates with subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease. We investigated whether depression predicts subsequent HF through heightened SNA. Methods: Individuals (N=102,028; median age 57 years; 42.6% male) enrolled in the Mass General Brigham Biobank were identified to study the association of depression and incident HF, subset of 1,227 who underwent clinically indicated 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) imaging were retrospectively identified. SNA was measured using validated methods, as amygdalar metabolic activity corrected for regulatory brain (i.e., medial prefrontal cortical) activity. Depression and subsequent development of HF was determined via medical record review using International Classification of Diseases 10 (ICD-10) codes. Survival analyses using Cox and Kaplan-Meier models were performed. Results: Over a median follow-up period of 3.5 (IQR 2.0-5.0) years, 2,631 (2.6%) individuals developed HF (717 Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), 1,214 Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)). Individuals with subsequent HF (versus no HF) had higher baseline SNA (mean Z-score 0.19 ± 1.07 versus -0.08 ± 0.99; p=0.005, adjusted for age and sex). SNA associated with subsequent HF when divided into tertiles (Figure 2B) and as a continuous measure (standardized HR [95% CI]: 1.40 [1.13-1.74], p=0.002, adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and smoking). The association between depression and HF subtype was stronger for HFpEF (1.46 [1.28-1.65], p<0.001) than for HFrEF (1.09 [0.92 -1.3], p=0.32). Conclusion: In this retrospective study of individuals with depression have higher risk of incident HF through heightened SNA with a somewhat stronger association for HFpEF. Understanding the link between depression and subsequent HF may provide important insights into better HF prevention and management strategies.16 0Item Restricted Investigating The Use Of Social Media In Relation To Cognitive Disabilities From The Arab Region(2023) Alshenaifi, Reem; Feng, Jinjuan; Nguyen, NamThis dissertation reports studies on social media usage in relation to cognitive disabilities from the Arab region. The first study investigated how social media is used in supporting and empowering Saudi caregivers of children with cognitive disabilities. Through interviews with 13 caregivers, we examined their motivations and concerns as well as the role of social media during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results suggest that caregivers used social media with caution to seek information and emotional support, to spread awareness, and to communicate and build communities. The findings also suggest that caregivers face a great deal of challenges in security and privacy, social stigma and negative discussions, misinformation, as well as lack of resources. In the second study, we utilized text mining approaches, including sentiment analysis and topic modeling, to examine and understand how Arab users engage with Twitter to discuss cognitive disabilities. Content volume, temporal evolution, users, sentiment, topic discussed were iv analyzed. We applied Valence Aware Dictionary and sEntiment Reasoner (VADER) for sentiment analysis to identify the overall opinions and attitudes toward the researched neurological conditions. We also applied Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for topic modeling to discover frequent topics in the collected dataset. Additionally, Gephi was used to map the interaction between users discussing cognitive disabilities on Twitter. The results provide new insights into public perspectives, which may assist interested entities to construct and distribute appropriate resources and information. In this dissertation, we presented the analysis techniques, discussed the findings, provided recommendations to interested stakeholders, and introduced potential opportunities and future directions.68 0