SACM - United States of America
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9668
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Item Restricted Applying the 4D Model of the Country Image to Explore the Relationship Between Saudi Arabia's Sport Diplomacy and its Perceived Image Among American Adults.(University of North Dakota, 2025-05) Bin Jaman, Ibrahim; Kalbfleisch, PamelaThis study investigated the relationship between Saudi Arabia’s sports diplomacy and strategy of hosting major international sports events and its image among American adults. Notably, the Saudi government’s strategic use of hosting sports events aligns with the goals of Saudi Vision 2030, fostering economic diversification and promoting tourism. The conducted study examined American adults’ exposure to international sports events held in Saudi Arabian, this exposure’s correlation with the image of the country, and potential differences in the perception of Saudi Arabian between American adults who have been exposed to sports events in Saudi Arabia and those who have not. A quantitative online survey method was employed to collect data from 387 participants from the U.S using a nonprobability sampling method. The participants were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). The study aimed to address the gap in existing research by exploring the specific connection between international sports events hosted and held in Saudi Arabia and its image among American adults. The findings revealed a statistically significant mean difference in perceptions of Saudi Arabia between American adults exposed to international sports events held in the country and those unexposed to such events. Furthermore, the relationship between American adults' exposure to sports events in Saudi Arabia and their perceptions of the country is moderately positive.11 0Item Restricted The Implementation of the Sport Education Curriculum Model in Saudi Arabian Male Middle School Physical Education(Auburn University, 2025) Alshuraymi, Ali Nasser A; Hastie, Peter AAlthough the successful adoption and positive outcomes of the Sport Education model have been documented in various cultural contexts beyond English-speaking countries, no research to date has explored its impact on Saudi Arabian physical education (PE) teachers and students. This gap in the literature led to the development of this research. The dissertation comprises three studies: one focusing on teachers and the other two on students. The first study qualitatively examined six Saudi in-service male PE teachers’ experiences and practices when learning to incorporate the Sport Education model. Data were collected from critical incident reports and analyzed using both inductive and deductive approaches. Results indicated a range of successes, constraints, and possibilities associated with implementing Sport Education in Saudi Arabian schools. Most notably, the teachers indicated that the model had an advantageous effect on students despite it being their first time participating in a Sport Education season. The second study quantitatively examined the influence of Sport Education on students’ intrinsic motivation and achievement of the Saudi national objectives for PE. Sixty-three Saudi male middle school students from four classes (ages 11-15 years) participated in a quasi-experimental design. Data were collected through three pre- and post-surveys. The results revealed significant differences between the Sport Education and Traditional Teaching conditions in changes to perceived autonomy, effort, and achievement of the Saudi national objectives for PE. No significant differences were found for perceived competence, relatedness, or enjoyment between the conditions. Overall, the significant improvement in motivation observed among the Sport Education students in the present study is consistent with findings from prior research. The study highlights the alignment between the Sport Education features and Saudi Vision 2030 goals, supporting its potential to promote Islamic sports-based values in PE. These findings suggest that Sport Education is more effective than Traditional Teaching in enhancing intrinsic motivation and achieving the Saudi national objectives for PE. The third study was conducted quantitively and aimed to compare middle school students’ attitudes toward meaningful-motivational experiences in two different PE contexts: traditional PE and Sport Education. Sixty-six Saudi male middle school students from four classes (ages 11-15 years) participated in a quasi-experimental design. Data were collected through a 16-item questionnaire. The study findings revealed that the Sport Education group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in learning relevant skills and having voice and choice compared to the Traditional Teaching group. No significant difference was found in interactions with peers between the two conditions. This study makes a significant contribution to the Meaningful Physical Education (Meaningful PE) literature by introducing the first valid and reliable Meaningful PE-based questionnaire. Its findings further support the positive impact of Sport Education on intrinsic motivation, reinforcing the value of Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985)-based frameworks in enhancing student engagement and meaningful learning in PE.29 0Item Restricted EXAMINING SAUDI ARABIAN PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVES ON THEIR PREPAREDNESS TO ADDRESS 21ST CENTURY SKILLS AND SUPPORT PROGRAMS WITH THE PERSPECTIVES OF THEIR COURSE INSTRUCTORS(Kent State University, 2024-10) Almutairi, Rubaya; Courtney, ScottThis study’s purpose was to determine how well education colleges in Saudi Arabia prepare pre-service teachers to address 21st-century skills with their future students. The perceptions of college professors and pre-service teachers at several Saudi education colleges across the country were examined according to the methods of quantitative research and descriptive statistics. Data was obtained through a Likert scale survey consisting of 30 closed-ended questions regarding how well Saudi education colleges impart four 21st-century skills— computer literacy, research skills, critical thinking, soft skills—and two support programs—special education and English as a foreign language (EFL). The data was analyzed using pairwise t-test comparisons to discover which skills were most prioritized by professors and pre-service teachers. It was found that special education was perceived as requiring the most improvement, with EFL in second place and computer literacy in third place, followed by research skills. An extensive literature review was also conducted on the topic. Based on the findings, it is recommended that special education, EFL, computer literacy, and research skills receive the most focus during any future attempts to reform the Saudi education system, and that the input of Saudi pre-service teachers be consulted during any process of upgrading curriculum related to critical thinking, special education, research skills, and soft skills.19 0Item Restricted The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance: A Field Study in the Ministry of Sports in Saudi Arabia(University of Baltimore, 2024-12) Alanazi, Fahad; Naylor, Lorenda; Henderson, Lenneal; Michael, EleftheriosThis research evaluates the impact of transformational leadership on the performance of employees in the Ministry of Sports in Saudi Arabia. The main research question explores transformational leadership and its impact on employee performance in the Saudi Ministry of Sports. Three main components are assessed: 1) the impact of charismatic leadership practices, 2) the relationship between inspiring motivation and employee performance, and 3) the role of individual consideration in employee job performance. Overall, the research asks, "How does Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Sports practice transformational leadership, and how does it influence employee performance?" A quantitative approach is utilized, as it provides a practical approach to achieving the objectives of the study. The researcher conducted an online survey for each of the selected study participants. The data collected from the study was subjected to a T-test to assess complex differences between the responses given by the study participants and ANOVA analysis of variance to test the study hypotheses. The aim of the research is to fill a management gap and provide beneficial information to decision-makers on the best leadership style to adopt for maximum productivity. In addition, this study is a scholarly resource for people interested in studying transformational leadership in Saudi Arabia.53 0Item Restricted Privatization in Russia, Argentina, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Lessons and Reforms(Wake Forest University, 2024) Alsabti, Sarah; Schneider, Dick“Privatization in Russia, Argentina, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Lessons and Reforms” is a doctoral dissertation investigating four different privatization experiences and focusing on the role of state and government entities. This dissertation assesses the challenges faced by the states and their entities during their privatization journeys and the factors contributing to their success. Through an examination of these challenges and success factors, the dissertation develops several valuable themes, which can serve as lessons—one of the most prominent is the positive impact of previous comprehensive reforms on privatization and state stability, especially in the legislative sphere. Further, adopting public sector governance indicators during privatization projects can create a thriving environment for privatization and facilitate its implementation. Finally, this dissertation suggests several reforms to help state entities improve public governance and enhance the success of privatization and other public projects in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The most critical of these reforms are to expand the jurisdiction of the administrative court, create a national unified portal for state entities’ decisions and circulars, and continue to strengthen anticorruption regulations and support their enforcement and development by state entities.56 0Item Restricted Gender Role Depictions in Arabic Children’s Picture Books(University of South Florida, 2024-05-01) Almuqbil, Aljawharah; Han, SophiaThis study aimed to explore gender role depictions in children's Arabic picture books. The importance of this study emerged from its focus on young children, where the concept of gender begins to be constructed. This study provided insight into the nature of gender roles in children’s picture books, especially under the remarkable changes that Saudi society is witnessing and the lack of Arab studies in this area. Social cognitive theory, gender schema theory, and critical literacy pedagogy guided the study. A sample of 26 picture books was selected from the Child Book Club at King Abdulaziz Public Library and analyzed using multi-method approaches. I utilized qualitative content analysis, critical content analysis, and social semiotic analysis to comprehensively understand gender roles in children's Arabic picture books. The results of this study demonstrated the domination of human and female characters in picture books, on the book's cover and inside. Both genders were prominently portrayed in traditional roles, inside and outside the home. Male characters were characterized by independence and financial authority and showed greater connection to means of transportation. Female characters showed more association with children and their care. In contrast, the results showed an unbiased portrayal of both genders in picture books at the level of interests, such as drawing, watching television, playing with cars, and building a castle. Both genders were also portrayed with positive characteristics. Females demonstrated their ability to solve problems, be creative and imaginative, accept diversity, and work hard. The males showed their ability to be creative and solve problems, but they also showed their lack of time management and organization skills, such as staying up late, being late for school, and disorganizing. Biased and unbalanced representation of gender roles in children's books may reinforce stereotypes that frame children's beliefs about the roles they are expected to play in society.53 0Item Restricted The Impact of Legislative Reform on the Investment Climate: Assessing the Role of Saudi Vision 2030 Legislative Reforms in Enhancing the Investment Climate in the Kingdom, According to International Reports and Indicators(Southern Methodist University, 2024) Alamri, Yousef Hamdan; Camp, MartinSaudi Vision 2030 outlines an ambitious plan aimed at establishing a stable, prosperous, and attractive investment climate in Saudi Arabia. This study delves into the role of legislative reforms implemented under the ambit of the Saudi Vision 2030 and their impact on enhancing the investment climate. This dissertation assesses the competitive position of Saudi Arabia's investment climate by analyzing its performance across seven internationally recognized reports and indicators. Through closely examining and analyzing the effect implementing of these legislative reforms, which include legal, economic, and administrative aspects, this study evaluates Saudi's progress in meeting international standards and indexes. The findings of this study reveal that the Kingdom's efforts in this regard have resulted in a significant improvement in its rankings across various international reports and indicators analyzed in this dissertation. These improved rankings reflect Saudi Arabia's strong commitment to promoting investment and fostering an environment that is conducive to investment growth.82 0Item Restricted HIGHER EDUCATION PRIVATIZATION IN SAUDI VISION 2030: AN ANALYSIS OF THE PROSPECT AND IMPACT ON NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT(The Pennsylvania State University, 2024-05-04) Alrashidi, Essa; Kim, YounheeSaudi Arabia, as delineated in its Vision 2030, has made increasing the participation of the private sector the utmost priority in the development. One of the key policies that Saudi is pursuing for greater private sector involvement is the privatization of government sectors. Parallel to this, higher education is no exception to this trend. A more important question is, how can privatization be a viable policy? And what are the developmental prospects of this privatization? To put this issue in perspective, this dissertation explored the prospects of higher education privatization within the context of Saudi Arabia. The research study also sought to explore rooted issues related to the phenomena of privatization and its different contextual settings. The study employed an inductive qualitative research approach, and data were collected and coded through multiple interviews with educational leaders in Saudi universities. The study concluded with several findings in relation to the key determinants that have shaped the attitude of government toward privatization, the challenges accompanying privatizing higher education institutions, and the role privatization of higher could play in the development. The study also shed some light on the quality issues in higher education and how they might be influenced by the implementation of privatization. The dissertation contributes to the literature on educational policies, privatization, and development studies in public administration and offers more insight within the context of developing and non-Western countries. The study suggested ten major recommendations to guide planners and policymakers toward proper policy implementation of privatization.67 0Item Restricted MASSIFICATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN SAUDI ARABIA IN THE CONTEXT OF SAUDI VISION 2030: CHALLENGES AND RESPONSES(OhioLINK, 2023-08-16) Owidah, Sohair; Seeberg, VilmaThis study explored the massification of Saudi higher education by utilizing contemporary Chinese higher education expansion as a framework to identify the drivers of expansion, challenges encountered, and diversification within the massification process. This study employed a qualitative approach of policy analysis of background literature, documents, and semi-structured interviews. Scholarly consensus regarding the aims of massification focus on the expansion of access, diversification of educational opportunities, meeting individuals’ aspirations, and demands for national development. Massification of Saudi higher education has been rapid yet has suffered from lagging policy development. The Saudi Ministry of Education and public universities were found to devise measures and regulations that challenge the principles of meritocracy and equitable access in terms of family background, regional disparities, and gender. Other issues associated with the expansion of higher education were found to be a decline and lower levels of quality, insufficient financial resources, and limitations in the diversification of types of institutions. These trends increased access for some populations, while also contributing to inequality of educational opportunity. To address the multifaceted issues associated with massification and to invest in the higher education sector the means to realize its role in attaining the ambitious goals of Vision 2030, reforms in higher education suggested by this study are imperative.33 0Item Restricted Sociolinguistics of Saudi Vision 2030: Paradigm Shift Through English F English Faculty’s Perspectiv erspectives of T es of Translanguaging at a Saudi anslanguaging at a Saudi University.(UNM, 2023-08-01) Masrahi, Naif Ali Y; Trentman, EmmaMany educational systems around the world insist on applying an English Only Policy (EOP) when teaching the English language at universities without addressing their contextual needs. In Saudi Arabia, this problem leads to reduced satisfaction among faculty regarding students’ English level (Alharbi & Alqefari, 2022; Alkhairy, 2013; Alqahtani, 2020; Alsaawi, 2019; Alshammari, 2022; Altale & Alta’ani, 2019; Alzahrani, 2019; Elyas & Picard, 2010). However, the new educational transformation promised by Saudi Vision 2030 (2016) supports the Arabic language as a mother tongue for Saudis, English as an important language, and the teaching of critical thinking to respond to current global economic challenges. This creates a space for adopting translanguaging practices in English language classrooms by helping learners access their linguistic repertoire to understand, think, communicate, and learn the language (García, 2009). Recent studies at Saudi universities on faculty perspectives on translanguaging are limited in terms of context, participants, and vii methodology (Alahdal, 2020a; Alharbi & Alqefari, 2022; Alqahtani, 2022; Altale & Alqahtani, 2020; Alzahrani, 2019). Therefore, this qualitative case research examined the perspectives of six Saudi and international faculty members regarding translanguaging at a Saudi university. It answered the question: What are the perspectives of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) faculty at a Saudi university toward translanguaging, and why? Following the theoretical framework of sociocultural and translanguaging theories (Vygotsky, 1978; García & Li Wei, 2014), the study utilized interviews, focus group discussions, and field notes to collect the data. The thematic analysis (Stake, 1995) showed a positive position among faculty members regarding translanguaging. They called on decision-makers to empower them to participate in making pedagogic decisions according to students’ needs. Importantly, translanguaging could support the educational transformation of Saudi Vision 2030 through its pedagogic practices and its ability to support learners’ critical thinking. Moreover, faculty reported low awareness of translanguaging, which would require increasing their awareness of its systematic adoption. The study concludes with implications and suggestions for further research and teaching policy modifications to include translanguaging when teaching English in the classroom.43 0