SACM - United States of America
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/9668
Browse
2 results
Search Results
Item Restricted Factors impacting Saudi women’s adoption of non-traditional dress for use in public: An application of the theory of planned behavior(Saudi Digital Library, 2023) Alghamdi, Rawan; Fiore, Ann-MarieIn Saudi Arabia, women's rights are at the forefront of debate. Modernizing the country includes changes in various aspects of women’s lives, such as the relaxation of the strict public dress code. As of 2018, Saudi women are no longer required to wear traditional abayas (long black abayas with a hair covering and optional face covering) (Abdulaziz, 2019). Presently, Saudi women may choose to wear a fashionable and less conservative dress in public, as long as it is modest and adheres to Islamic guidelines. To date, it appears that research has not examined the factors that affect Saudi women's intention to purchase non-traditional abayas. The purpose of the present study was to examine the factors that impact Saudi women’s adoption of such abayas. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) was utilized. Its three key factors (attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control) are strong predictors of behavioral intention (Ajzen, 1991). To elucidate how appearance reflects an individual’s public identity, social and psychological aspects of dress theories were reviewed in the present study, including (1) the public, private, and secret self-model (Eicher, 1981), (2) self-concept theory (Sirgy, 1982), (3) symbolic consumption theory (Levy, 1959), (4) extended-self theory (Belk, 1988), and aspect of ambivalence and ambiguity. The objectives of the present study were to measure (1) the impact of the psychographic variables (the need for uniqueness and religiosity) on Saudi women’s fashion innovativeness, (2) the impact of fashion innovativeness on Saudi women’s attitude toward purchasing non- traditional public abayas, (3) the effect of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on Saudi women’s intentions to purchase non-traditional abayas for use in public, and (4) the moderating effect of the independent-self construal on the relationship between subjective norms and Saudi women’s intentions to purchase non-traditional abayas. A quantitative research approach (Creswell & Creswell, 2018) was implemented. A pilot study was conducted with 15 Saudi women to ensure the clarity of the survey’s wording and to determine the amount of time required. An online Arabic survey was distributed among a convenience sample of Saudi women through the social media platform (WhatsApp). A total of 1,101 Saudi women, 18 years old or older, participated in the study. The data were analyzed in three main stages, employing the following statistical tests: (1) exploratory factor analysis (EFA); (2) structural equation modeling (SEM), including confirmatory factor analysis (CFA); and (3) moderation analysis. The result of the EFA revealed that attitude and purchase intention were unexpectedly combined into one variable (attitude/purchase intention). The measurement model for the TPB variables and the combined attitude/purchase intention variable yielded an acceptable fit. Moreover, the structural model revealed the following findings: (1) the need for uniqueness had a nonsignificant impact on fashion innovativeness, (2) religiosity had a significant (but reverse) effect on fashion innovativeness, (3) fashion innovativeness had a nonsignificant impact on attitude toward purchasing non-traditional abayas, (4) subjective norms had a significant positive impact on attitude/purchase intention and perceived behavioral control, and (5) perceived behavioral control had a nonsignificant impact on attitude/purchase intention. Furthermore, the moderating effect of independent self-construal on the relationship between subjective norms and Saudi women's intentions to purchase non-traditional abayas was found to be statistically nonsignificant. The results of the fully recursive model showed the addition of six significant paths; the need for uniqueness and religiosity each had a significant direct effect on subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and attitude/purchase intention. The absence of confirmation regarding the TPB has theoretical implications for scholars who study consumer behavior in a collectivist society. However, incorporating antecedent variables, in this case--need for uniqueness and religiosity--to the TPB model may enhance its ability to predict collectivist consumers’ behavioral intentions. The findings have the potential to benefit marketers in Saudi Arabia by enhancing their understanding of the factors that influence Saudi women’s intention to purchase non-traditional abayas. For instance, the findings suggest take religiosity level should be taken into consideration when segmenting consumers.21 0Item Restricted Tobacco Use and Provision of Tobacco Dependence Treatment Among Respiratory Therapists in Saudi Arabia(2023) Alalwan, Mahmood A; Ferketich, Amy K; Wang, Shu-Hua; Andridge, Rebecca; Roberts, Megan E; Alawam, Khaled ABackground. Smoking in Saudi Arabia is on the rise, despite the various steps taken by the government to reduce tobacco use. This suggests an urgent need for healthcare professionals, such as respiratory therapists (RTs), to play a proactive role in initiatives aimed at controlling tobacco use. Guided by literature and health behavior theory, we conducted research among RTs in Saudi Arabia to (1) determine the prevalence and correlates of current tobacco use, (2) examine correlates of intention to provide tobacco cessation counseling, and (3) pilot a tobacco cessation training program tailored for RTs in Saudi Arabia. Methods. We collected online cross-sectional survey data on tobacco use and cessation behaviors and beliefs from a convenience sample of RTs in Saudi Arabia recruited using social media in April to June 2022. Following the completion of the survey, we tailored a training program in tobacco cessation counseling and assessed its effect on knowledge and behaviors through a pilot study with a convenience sample of RTs recruited from hospitals in Saudi Arabia using social media in November 2022 to March 2023. Regression models were fit to the survey data to examine factors associated with tobacco use and intention to provide cessation counseling. To describe changes in beliefs and behaviors following training completion, we used descriptive statistics due to the pilot nature of the study. Results. The final analytic sample was 202 RTs. The majority of respondents were male, married, held a bachelor’s degree, and worked in Riyadh. Overall, the highest prevalence of current use was for e-cigarettes (20.8%, SE 5.8%), followed by waterpipe (17.3%, SE 5.6%), and cigarettes (17.0%, SE 5.5%). Current cigarette smoking was associated with female gender (PR 0.13, 95% CI 0.03 – 0.51), current e-cigarette use was associated with female gender (PR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.12 – 0.68) and relative harm of e-cigarette (PR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.58 – 0.93), and current waterpipe smoking was associated with relative harm of waterpipe smoking (PR 0.49, 95% CI 31 – 0.78). Additionally, intention to provide cessation counseling to tobacco users was associated with having a bachelor’s (β = 2.66, SE = 1.20, p = 0.03) or postgraduate (β = 2.61, SE = 1.28, p = 0.04) degree compared to an associate degree, and higher perceived behavioral control (β = 1.22, SE = 0.38, p < 0.01). Of the 8 RTs who completed the training program, all reported higher favorable attitudes toward, subjective norms of, perceived behavioral control of, and intentions to providing tobacco cessation counseling. Additionally, they reported lower perceived barriers, higher knowledge of tobacco dependence treatment, and higher frequency of delivering brief cessation counseling behaviors. Conclusion. The findings from this research can be leveraged to establish new and refine existing policies and interventions to further reduce the burden of tobacco use among Saudi RTs and the general population and improve delivery of tobacco cessation counseling among Saudi RTs. This research serves as a foundation for future research examining the impact of tobacco cessation training on Saudi RTs’ counseling behaviors.9 0