SACM - Japan
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/63918
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Item Restricted A Comparative Study on the Characteristics of Architects' Licensure System in Different Regions(University of Tokyo, 2024) Almusallam, Nouh Abed; Otsuki, ToshioThere is constant pressure of globalization that demands constant and developed adaptation, particularly in response to the ever-evolving role and responsibilities of an architect. Many addressed the architect regulation through eligibility of education, experience and practice. However, a comparative study and analysis of different licensing systems encompassing backgrounds, current eligibilities, entities and regulation that influence licensure systems across nations, particularly considering the simultaneous inclusion of the Middle East and East Asia within the same analytical framework, has been overlooked. Therefore, this study identifies the characteristics of the variables systemizing the registration procedure that defines a licensed architect in different regions.7 0Item Restricted Application Study of Adaptive Mesh Refinement Method on Unsteady Wake Vortex Analysis(Tokai University, 2024) Alzahrani, Haneen; Sakai, TakaakiThere is a possibility of Ar cover gas filled in the upper part of the reactor vessel (RV) to get into the sodium coolant by vortices causing output disturbance. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate this gas entrainment phenomenon. To predict the flow pattern in the upper part of the RV by Compurational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis, there is a need to establish an appropriate mesh arrangement. In this study, the applicability of the Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) method to predict gas entrainment vortices accurately was examined. An initial coarse mesh (20mm) that simulate the test section of the experimental apparatus in the circulating water loop was created. The initial mesh was refined with two indexes: the first index (Index- 1) is when the second invariant Q of the velocity gradient tensor is negative and the second one (Index-2) is the pressure gradient index added to the Index-1. Then, transient calculation was performed on the refined meshes under each condition, and the results were compared with a Reference mesh with cubic cells of 5 mm width. As a result, comparing the pressure distribution of the Reference mesh with other meshes refined with the two indexes, Index-2 was found to be more similar to that of the Reference mesh. In conclusion, the applicability of the AMR method with the condition of the Index-2 was confirmed for this experimental system in which unsteady wake vortices are generated. In addition, to confirm the applicability of the AMR method on actual reactors, a simulation of the upper plenum of SFR was conducted. Results indicate that AMR method is also applicable, and the analysis load can be reduced up to 600%.5 0Item Restricted ANALYSIS OF CYBERSECURITY INTEGRATION AND LEGISLATIVE STRATEGIES IN JAPAN(Kyushu University, 2024-08-21) Aldhafeeire, Salman; Jiro, HasumiThis thesis analyzes Japan's national security strategy, which integrates cybersecurity and legislative strategies in response to evolving global cyber threats. The thesis emphasizes the growing importance of cybersecurity in an ever-evolving cyberspace, where state-sponsored cyber-attacks pose significant risks to national security, individual privacy, and economic stability. It explores Japan's proactive policies to cybersecurity integration, considering the interconnected nature of information warfare in the contemporary geopolitical landscape. Despite a historical aversion to militarization, the challenges posed by cyber threats necessitate a pragmatic response, resulting in the delicate balance between defending against cyber threats and upholding pacifist ideals. The research questions focus on understanding how Japan systematically integrates cybersecurity and information warfare measures, legislative frameworks, and proactive initiatives to fortify critical infrastructure and secure sensitive data. The literature review addresses the major policies and interventions by examining Japan's 2021 Cybersecurity Strategy, outlining the government's approach to addressing contemporary threats. The methodology employs a mixed research approach, incorporating document analysis and expert interviews of cybersecurity incidents. The analysis section will dissect secondary sources, resulting in a conclusion synthesizing key findings, academic contributions, and implications for policymakers, academics, and practitioners in cybersecurity and national security, aligning with the Cybersecurity Integration Framework (CIF) theoretical framework. The CIF model is used to assess the extent to which Japan's initiatives effectively reconcile pacifism and defensive cybersecurity measures and incorporates Pacifist Elements, Proactive Elements, Adaptability, and Integrated Analysis in its evaluation. The thesis contributes to a detailed understanding of Japan's cybersecurity strategies, highlighting the integration of information warfare, the impact of historical pacifism, and the effectiveness of legislative frameworks.26 0Item Restricted The Role of Cultural Diplomacy in Enhancing Interdependence Between Tourists and Local Communities and its Impact on the Tourism’s Volume(Tokai University, 2024-01-20) Alrajhi, Yara; Takato, OzawaThis research paper delves into the intricate relationship between cultural diplomacy, tourism, and local communities, focusing specifically on Saudi Arabia as a case study. The primary objective is to analyze how cultural diplomacy initiatives contribute to fostering interdependence between tourists and local communities, consequently influencing tourism volume and experience. The paper begins by providing an overview of the burgeoning tourism sector in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, with Saudi Arabia emerging as a prominent player in the region. It explores the evolving dynamics of tourism and cultural diplomacy, highlighting the interconnectedness between these two realms and their impact on societal, economic, and diplomatic facets. A substantial portion of the research is dedicated to dissecting the concept of tourism diplomacy, emphasizing its pivotal role in shaping perceptions, fostering mutual understanding, and strengthening international relations. Through a critical lens, the study examines various strategies and initiatives employed in cultural diplomacy efforts within Saudi Arabia, assessing their effectiveness in promoting cultural exchange, heritage preservation, and community engagement. Furthermore, the research scrutinizes the intricate nexus between tourism development and local communities, shedding light on the symbiotic relationship that emerges when cultural diplomacy initiatives prioritize community involvement and empowerment. It investigates how such initiatives can lead to economic benefits, social cohesion, and sustainable tourism practices while addressing potential challenges and drawbacks. By conducting a comprehensive analysis and utilizing qualitative and quantitative research methods, this paper offers valuable insights into the multifaceted impact of cultural diplomacy on tourism dynamics within Saudi Arabia. It underscores the significance of fostering interdependence between tourists and local communities as a strategic approach to enhancing the overall tourism experience, promoting cultural heritage, and advancing diplomatic objectives. In conclusion, the research underscores the imperative of adopting holistic and inclusive approaches to cultural diplomacy in the realm of tourism, advocating for collaborative efforts that prioritize mutual benefit, cultural exchange, and sustainable development in the context of Saudi Arabia's tourism landscape.9 0Item Restricted Effects of sealer and root canal filling method on root canal sealing ability after high-frequency current conduction(Hokkaido University, 2024-01-27) Alruwaili, Abdul Latif Farhan; Sugaya, TsutomuObjective: To assess the root canal sealing efficacy of two sealers and two root canal filling techniques following high-frequency current application. Methods: Simulated root canal models with a diameter of 0.1 mm were prepared from bovine teeth to replicate actual root canal anatomy. A demineralized layer was induced by administrating Plank-Rychlo solution to the simulated root canals for 5 minutes. These models were randomly assigned to 12 experimental groups. Each simulated root canal was irrigated with NaClO, and high-frequency electrical current was applied for 0, 3, or 5 seconds. The simulated root canals in each group were obturated using either Meta Seal Soft Paste (MSSP) or AH-Plus sealer, as well as either sealer alone or in conjunction with vertical condensation. Subsequently, the degree of dye penetration into the simulated root canals was meticulously quantified following immersion in a dye solution. The simulated root canal walls and the root canal wall-sealer interfaces were examined and observed using scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Results: No statistically significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in dye leakage for MetaSeal Soft Paste sealer (MSSP) alone among any energization time, but significant leakage was observed when compared to the vertical condensation group. However, MSSP sealer alone resulted in significantly less dye leakage than AH-Plus sealer alone at 0 and 5 seconds of high-frequency energization (p<0.05). Examination of unfilled root canal walls revealed a porous, lava-like layer characterized by low carbon and high calcium and phosphorus content. In contrast, cross-sectional analysis of root canals filled with MSSP alone and subjected to 5 seconds of energization demonstrated a solid interface between dentin and MSSP, devoid of the porous layer. Furthermore, carbon, in addition to calcium and phosphorus, was detected at this interface, and resin tags were observed within dentinal tubules. These findings suggest that MSSP effectively established a monoblock structure encompassing the root canal filling material, the porous lava-like layer, and the dentin wall, resulting in a hermetic seal. Conversely, when root canals were filled with AH-Plus, only a few resin tags were observed in dentinal tubules, indicating a less robust interfacial seal. Conclusion: Irrespective of high-frequency energization, Meta Seal Soft Paste (MSSP) demonstrated significantly lower dye leakage compared to AH Plus when obturating inaccessible root canals. Subsequent to energization, MSSP infiltrated the porous lava-like layer of the root canal wall, exhibiting strong adhesion to dentin and superior sealing efficacy. Notably, vertical condensation compromised sealing performance for both sealers.9 0Item Restricted Influence of gap width and distance between electrodes on eliminating organic material of the isthmus by high frequency electric current(Hokkaido University, 2023-11-21) Alkuwaykibi, Ahmed Saud; Sugaya, TsutomuBackground: Root canal disinfection is a critical step for the success of root canal therapy. However, traditional disinfection methods have limitations, and root canal treatment can fail because of the complex root canal system, which includes lateral branches and isthmuses, which are challenging to fully eliminate, leading to persistent bacterial infection. Cauterization is a novel method for disinfecting root canals which conducted a high frequency current that has been found to have several benefits in root canal therapy. Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate how the isthmus gap width, distance between electrodes, and duration of high-frequency electrical current application affect the elimination of organic matter in the simulated isthmus inner surfaces. Methodology: Dentin blocks were prepared using bovine roots and immersed in Plank-Rychlo solution for 5 min. A simulated isthmus model was made with gaps of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mm between the two walls with organic layers on the inner surfaces. In addition, two root canals of 0.4 mm diameter and 7 mm depth were prepared at a distance of 2 mm or 5 mm. Isthmus width with root canal distance, including root canal depth, were divided into six groups. The gap width was 0.1 mm for groups 1 and 4, 0.2 mm for groups 2 and 5, and 0.3 mm for groups 3 and 6, and the root canal distance was 2 mm for groups 1, 2, and 3, and 5 mm for groups 4, 5, and 6 mm. The root canals and isthmus were filled with NaClO, #35K files were inserted into the two root canals as electrodes, and a current of 225 V, 520 kHz was applied between the electrodes. Energizing times are 0, 5sec for groups 1,2,5,6, and 0,5,10 sec for groups 3,4, for 0, 5, or 10 seconds. The isthmus model was split, the morphological and elemental analysis of the isthmus inner surface were evaluated by SEM and EDS. Results: By electrification, a flat layer in the isthmus caused by demineralization was removed, and dentin tubules and lava-like surfaces were observed. At these sites, significant decreases in carbon and oxygen and increases in calcium were shown by EDS, resulting a significant difference (p<0.05) in the remaining organic residuals between Group 1 with a narrow isthmus gap of 0.1 mm and a closer root canal distance of 2 mm, and Groups 4 and 5 with a narrow isthmus gap of 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm and farther root canals of 5 mm distance. Groups 3 and 4 had significantly (p<0.05) less organic material remaining after high-frequency conduction for 10 seconds compared to 5 seconds. Increasing the cauterization time removed almost all organic materials. Conclusion: By applying high frequency electricity to the isthmus, it was possible to remove most of the organic matter. The effect varied based on the width of the isthmus gap and distance between the root canals. A narrower isthmus with closer canals had a higher effect from the electricity, and a wider gap between canals farther apart had less effect. More electrification time was needed to completely remove all organic material from wider gaps or farther distances. High frequency current, isthmus gap, cauterization, electrodes distance, organic material.12 0Item Restricted 日本語母語話者とアラビア語母語話者の謝罪行動の対照比較研究―母語場面及び日本語接触場面における謝罪規範に焦点を当て―(Tokai University, 2024-03-01) Alhakami, Tariq; الحكمي, طارق; El-moamen, Kamikawa本研究は、日本語母語話者（以下日本人）とサウジアラビア国籍を有するアラビア語母語話者（以下サウジ人）が謝罪を行う・受ける際に、どのようなことを意識するのか、そして意識の有無によって実行される謝罪に差が見られるのかを明らかにし、日本語とアラビア語の謝罪に対する考え方を対照比較することが目的である。そのため、日本語母語場面とアラビア語母語場面、そして日本語接触場面で被調査者が指定された謝罪に関する項目を意識するのかをアンケートで確認した後、Neustupný（2003）の指摘に基づきアンケートと同様の結果が実際の会話でも現れるのかをロールプレイで検証した。 本研究で取り上げる謝罪会話場面のテーマは「遅刻」という過失を選定した。その理由は日本とサウジアラビアの両国でコミュニケーション上の問題になりえる認識されているだけでなく、両国で時間に対する捉え方が違うからである。場面の設定は、ポライトネス理論に基づき、設定された。同理論では、力関係、親疎関係、負担の度合いという変数が会話に影響を及ぼすとされているため、この変数を考慮して場面を設定した。具体的には力関係は友人同士、親疎関係は親しい間柄、負担の度合いは15分程度の遅刻と1時間程度の遅刻と異なる2種類を選定した。 本研究では分析の枠組としては、言語管理理論及びフォローアップ・インタビューを用い、分析の対象となる謝罪に関するデータはアンケート調査及びロールプレイ調査で収集された。 4章で明らかになった日・サ被調査者の謝罪発話の特徴は次のとおりである。１つ目は、日・サ被調査者ともに「謝罪」「説明」「責任」「補償」を被謝罪者の立場よりも謝罪者の立場で強く顕在化させる傾向が見られた。2つ目は、被謝罪者の立場に置かれた日・サ被調査者は、それぞれの母語場面よりも日本語接触場面で、「謝罪」「説明」「責任」「補償」を不要だと捉え、「許容」を必要だと捉える傾向が強かったことである。このような母語場面と接触場面では顕在化される規範の強弱が異なるという傾向は、Neustupný（1985b）や加藤（2010）も報告しているが、本研究でも同様の傾向が見られたといえよう。３つ目は、サウジ人の場合、場面の負担度や国籍、立場に関わらず、「許容」の必要があると捉える傾向が強い。 5章で日・サ被調査者の謝罪発話の特徴は明らかになった特徴は以下の通りである。1つ目は日・サ被調査者ともに「謝罪」「説明」「補償」を被謝罪者の立場よりも謝罪者の立場で強く意識し、被謝罪者の立場では負担度に関わらず「許容」する傾向が見られた。また場面の負担度が増加するに比例し、各ストラテジーを必要だと認識する傾向も確認された。2つ目は「責任」についてである。日本人はこのストラテジーを被謝罪者の立場よりも謝罪者の立場で強く意識していたが、サウジ人は「聖典言行遵守規範」を顕在化・適用させ「責任」を不要だと捉える傾向が見られた。3つ目は「許容」についてである。日・サ被調査者ともに場面の負担度が小さければ「許容」する傾向が強いが、負担度が大きくなると日・サ被調査者の間には異なる傾向が確認された。4つ目は、全場面を通じて日本人が最も必要だと捉えていたストラテジーは「時間厳守規範」を強く意識したため、「謝罪」であった。一方サウジ人が最も必要だと捉えていたストラテジーは「過失原因理解規範」を強く意識したため、「説明」であった。5つ目は、日・サ被調査者ともに「相互扶助規範」が適用されると「謝罪」、「説明」、「補償」を不要だと捉え、「許容」を必要だと捉える傾向が確認された。 6章で日・サ被調査者の謝罪発話の特徴は明らかになった特徴及び両母語場面と日本語接触場面における謝罪発話の相違点は以下の通りである。1つ目は、日・サ被調査者ともに「謝罪」「説明」「補償」を被謝罪者の立場よりも謝罪者の立場で強く意識し、被謝罪者の立場では負担度に関わらず「許容」する傾向が見られたことである。また「責任」に関しても、日本人は被謝罪者の立場よりも謝罪者の立場でこのストラテジーを強く意識していたが、サウジ人は全員が「聖典言行遵守規範」を顕在化・適用させ、このストラテジーを不要だと捉えていた。さらに「許容」に関しては、日本人は日本語母語場面よりも必要だと捉えるが、サウジ人の場合はアラビア語母語場面よりも不要だと捉える傾向が見られた。5章の結果と類似しているが、しかしながら、規範に対する意識には強弱が見られた。具体的には、日本語母語場面と日本語接触場面を比べると、後者では「留学生は日本人ほど時間に厳しくないだろう」という期待の影響を受けて、各項目を不要とし、「許容」を必要だと捉える傾向が見られた。また日本人の場合、日本語接触場面では日本語母語場面よりも謝罪ストラジーを不要だと思う傾向が強く、必要だと思ったとしても「④:非常に思う」ではなく「③:思う」を選択する傾向が見られた。これは、日本語接触場面で「留学生は日本人ほど時間に厳しくないだろう」という期待が適用されたことにより、日本語母語場面よりも規範が緩和されていたからだと考えられる。一方アラビア語母語場面と日本語接触場面を比べると、日本語接触場面では「日本人は時間に厳しいだろう」という期待の影響を受けて、各項目を必要だと捉える傾向が見られた。さらにサウジ人の場合、アラビア語接触場面では日本語母語場面よりも謝罪ストラジーを必要だと思う傾向が強く、アラビア語母語場面では「不要」だと捉えていたストラテジーが、日本語接触場面では「③:思う」を選択する傾向が見られた。これは、日本語接触場面では「日本人は時間に厳しいだろう」という期待が顕在化・適用されたことにより、アラビア語母語場面よりも規範が緩和されていたからだと考えられる。3つ目は日本語接触場面で日本人が顕在化させていた「時間厳守規範」や「負担度考慮規範」、「過失補填規範」などの規範は、「留学生は日本人ほど時間に厳しくないだろう」という期待の影響を受けて、日本語母語場面よりも緩和されて顕在化されていた。また、「過失原因理解規範」は「留学生は日本人よりも理由を重要視するだろう」という期待の影響を受け、日本語母語場面よりも強化されていた。さらに「時間厳守規範」はアラビア語母語場面では確認されなかったが、日本語接触場面の場合「日本人は時間に厳しいだろう」という期待の影響を受けて、顕在化されていた。4つ目は普遍的な規範の存在についてで、5章同様、6章の調査でもサウジ人全員が「責任」を全く不要だと認識していた。これは「聖典言行遵守規範」が当該談話で適用されていたからだと分析した。そしてこの規範は信仰心と深い関わりのある規範であることから、敬虔なムスリムであれば、誰でも有している規範だと考えられるよう。 そして最終章では、本研究で明らかになった知見をどのようにして日本語教育に応用するのか、その方法ついて述べた。今後の課題としては、性差や親疎関係や上下関係及び負担度を変えた場合を考慮する必要がある。28 0Item Restricted Development of Nuclear Security Education Textbook for Universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(Tokai University, 2024) Faisal, Sarbaland; Takaaki, SakaiNuclear security is one of the most important matters to focus on in case any state decides to adopt nuclear power as a part of its energy sector. However, in recent years, there has been a noticeable need for nuclear security education all around the world. In this context, many recommended educational curriculums have been published. Nonetheless, all of these curriculums include a nuclear security introductory course as a required course. Therefore, in this research, we are aiming to create a comprehensive textbook that covers the different aspects of nuclear security. As a result, so far, we have managed to create a textbook that consists of three major sections. The first section is the introduction to nuclear security. This section covers the fundamentals of nuclear security. The second section focuses on nuclear security in a specific region. In this study, we will look at the region of Saudi Arabia and how its characteristics may affect nuclear security within the kingdom. The third and final section focuses on modern issues that affect international nuclear security. The primary objective of this study is to provide each section with essential and informative knowledge to assist in the development of human resources in the nuclear security industry.45 0Item Restricted Development of a functional recovery training robot with a quantitative evaluation system for post-stroke patients with upper-limb impairment(Tokyo Denki University, 2024-03) Algrary, Sami; Ohnishi, Kengo; Inoue, Jun; Kuwana, Kenta; Inoue, TakahiroIn the past few decades, clinical treatments utilizing rehabilitation robotics have shown sustainable improvement in sensory motor recovery for post-stroke patients. In addition, analyzing patients exercise progression using robotics systems enable clinicians to objectify the assessment, and improve measurement reliability and precision. In this research, an upper-limb therapeutic robot for stroke patients with upper limb impairments, that supports patients to practice independently, while recording and evaluating their exercise performance was developed. Also, a unique quantitative assessment system to evaluate upper-limb motor function using Mahalanobis-Taguchi system, MTS, was investigated and proposed. First, a calibration experiment was conducted to generate an equation, to compute the force applied by the subject on the robot arm of the upper limb therapeutic robot. A fixed set of weights were attached to the central rotation shaft to apply constant torque to the rotation shaft. The rotation shaft was rotated in a non-load condition and load condition with weights added, and the angular signal of the potentiometer at that time was measured. From the experiment, a relational formula between the mean of central rotation shaft twist angle, and applied torque to the central rotation shaft was successfully generated. In addition, to increase the potentiometer angular signal precision and reliability, all control unit components were grounded. As results, the coefficient of variation reached a maximum of 8.7%, and the noise affecting the signal was suppressed. Next, to establish a quantitative assessment system to evaluate upper-limb motor function, an evaluation experiment with thirty able-body subjects, under six replicated joint of motion restraint conditions using the upper-limb therapeutic robot was conducted. MTA method, T(1), and variation pressure method’s applicability in distinguishing between able-body subjects, in arm-end force controllability between shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints under replicated joint restraint was investigated. In addition, these methods were compared with each other for their distinguishing quality. The subject’s task was to continuously apply a fine constant resistance force, in the opposite tangential direction of the robot arm rotation. No-restraint condition data were set as unit-space dataset and signal dataset. The other six joint restraint condition data were computed as targeted dataset since these were quasi-role data of pre-training condition of a paralyzed limb. From coefficient of variation, CV, results there was a similarity between MTA method and T(1) method in regards of distinguishing between subjects’ arm-end force controllability performance between single-joint restraint conditions and combined joint restraint conditions. For Single-joint restraint conditions, wrist restraint CV result for T(1) is 1.921, and MTA is 0.575. For Combined joint restraint conditions, elbow and wrist restraint CV result for T(1) is 1.955, and MTA is 0.385. As results, the small coefficient of variation with light shoulder joint restraint reflects the influence on force controllability performance, shows that MTA method and T(1) method are effective in detecting differences between joints. Finally, a measurement system of the force applied by the subject on the robot arm of the upper limb therapeutic robot was developed. Also, a unique quantitative assessment system using MTA method and T(1) method was investigated and proposed as promising analytic systems to evaluate upper-limb motor function.4 0Item Restricted The Role of Place Attachment in Shaping Tourist Attitudes and Behavior(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-05-15) Abdulsalam, Marwa; Dahana, Wirawan DonyTourism, recognized as a critical economic cornerstone with extensive ecological ramifications, is primarily swayed by destination allure and the affective or cognitive bond, colloquially referred to as 'place attachment,' that vacationers establish with their destination. This variable plays an instrumental role in molding the Environmentally Responsible Behavior (ERB) demonstrated by visitors. An additional crucial facet in this regard is the tourists' product involvement, which pertains to the portfolio of services, artifacts, and experiences the destination extends. This inclusive research delves into the interaction of these variables by employing an amalgamation of quantitative (structural equation modeling) and qualitative (dialogues with visitors and service providers) investigative techniques. The study highlights how the charm of the destination, perceived as its ability to meet a tourist's requirements and objectives, stimulates ERB. It also underscores place attachment, which stems from a synergy of the destination's attributes and the tourist's encounters, as a crucial intervening variable that incites ERB. This research piece further scrutinizes the effect of place attachment on purchase behavior, illuminating insights regarding the purchase behavior of tourists and how place attachment can encourage them to spend more through the increase in product involvement of those places. In addition to the mediating effect of place attachment, it has been found that having a high attachment with tourists tends to have a high preference for spending. Based on the value-attitude-behavior framework and the theory of reasoned action, the study asserts that the perceived merit of a place informs tourists' environmental attitudes. This perception of merit is considerably influenced by destination appeal and product involvement. In addition, it holds substantial implications for the governance of tourism locations and destination promotion. It also explicates the complex associations between destination appeal, place attachment, product involvement, and ERB. These insights pave the way to encourage ERB among tourists, refine segmentation and target approaches through demographic analysis, and contribute to the grander objective of sustainable tourism evolution. Fundamentally, this knowledge can guide tourism industry tactics and policies, underscoring the obligation of environmental awareness among tourists and suggesting strategic trajectories for the worldwide promotion of sustainable tourism.13 0