Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Cognitive Test Performance in Racialised Minorities(University of Exeter, 2023-09-11) Alawami, Mohammed; Moberly, NickSystematic review: Research has shown that racialised minorities perform poorer on executive functions tasks compared to their White counterparts. Some suggest that factors such as culture, education, and psychosocial variables such as racial discrimination might explain this discrepancy. However, there is a scarcity of reviews that looked at causal evidence to understand the relationship between racial discrimination and executive function with greater clarity. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to investigate experimental studies that manipulated racial discrimination and its impact on executive functions among racialised minorities. A literature search was conducted using Ovid and Web of Science (January 1975 – February 2023) to find studies that compared performance on at least one neuropsychological measure assessing any of the three core executive functions, recruited adult racialised minorities exposed to racial discrimination compared to a control group, and were published in English. Eight studies (n = 802) met the inclusion and were all conducted in North America. Results indicate that exposure to racial discrimination can impact executive functions as assessed by the Stroop task with a small-to medium effect size. This can have clinical implications for neuropsychological assessment with racialised minorities. However, the current evidence base is limited by using only one measure of executive function, lack of a pre-measure in many studies, lack of exploring potential mediators and moderators, and the lack of including diverse samples of racialised minorities. Further research is needed to further strengthen the evidence base of this relationship.31 0