Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted A CBCT Investigation of Morphological Integration, Cervical Spine Non-Segmentation, and Volumetric Maxillary Sinus Association with Dental Impactions(Saudi Digital Library, 2022-06-14) Alhazmi, Daniah; Rengasamy Venugopalan, Shankar; Allareddy, Trishul V; Vora, Siddharth R.; Anamali, Sindhura; Cao, Huojun; Xie, Xian JinA deeper understanding of the craniofacial growth and development is an essential part of successful orthodontic treatment. The growth and development of craniofacial region is impacted by genetic, environmental, and interaction between genetic-environmental factors. Often times there is integration between different anatomical structures, and they influence each other during the ontogeny of craniofacial skeleton. Thus, there is a critical need to understand the role of these anatomical structures and how they might impact each other. Therefore, our aims in this study are: aim1: investigate whether there is developmental integration of the inferior alveolar nerve canal shape and the mandibular shape as well as the presence of asymmetry between right and left sides, aim2: investigate the prevalence and the morphology of cervical spine non-segmentation in CBCT scans taken for dental reasons, aim3: determine the association between impacted maxillary canines and premolars with the maxillary sinus and pharyngeal airway volumes. The study was conducted under The University of Iowa Institutional Review Board approval (#201601798). For all three aims, CBCT scans were retrieved from the archived database in the Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine the University of Iowa. For aim1, we selected 80 CBCT scans based on the following inclusion criteria: subject of 16 years old or older, no more than 6 missing teeth, interincisal distance ≤ 3 mm, no pathosis associated with the mandible, full head CBCT scans with no artifacts or obstructions in the field of view. For aim 2, we retrieved CBCT scans with known cases of non-segmentation using the following inclusion criteria: subjects aged ≥ 6 years, good imaging quality of CBCT scans, and non-syndromic patients. Aim 3, we selected 70 CBCT scans per study group (cases and controls) using the following inclusion criteria: patient aged ≥ 9 years, good imaging quality of CBCT scan, and a full head CBCT scan volume. Then, on the basis of eruption status of maxillary canine or premolar, we divided the selected CBCT scans into the following two groups: 1) the case group with an impacted tooth/tooth, and 2) the control group with normally erupted teeth. We used appropriate statistical tests to analyze the data. For aim1, we found that mandibular shape and IANC shape were strongly statistically significantly integrated (p < 0.001, rPLS=0.844); there was statistically significant (p<0.001) directional asymmetry in mandibular and IANC shape. Aim2, we found amongst the 110 CBCT (0.81%) scans with cervical spine non-segmentation 77.2% showed partial non-segmentation and 22.7% showed complete non-segmentation. For aim3, we found that the maxillary sinus volume in the impaction group is significantly smaller than one in the control group (p=0.048). While, no statistically significant difference between case group and control group in pharyngeal airway volume was identified.13 0