Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Solar powered with BESS, grid connected system for EVCS FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS(Saudi Digital Library, 2026) ALOthman, Shaam; Abdi Jalebi , SalmanThis study examines technical and economic feasibility in the integration of grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage (BES) in electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) for industrial use. A 200 kWp crystalline silicon PV module combined with a 234-kWh lithium-ion battery system was simulated to provide four Level 2 charging stations (22 kW per station) for 4-16 electric vehicles per day in Manchester, UK. The system was modeled using MATLAB/Simulink with real solar irradiance data from PVGIS, targeting 85% renewable energy coverage of the 460-kWh daily charging demand. The technical analysis employed a centralized DC bus architecture with bidirectional converters for efficient energy management between PV generation, battery storage, EV loads, and grid connection. Monte Carlo simulation generated realistic EV charging patterns across three daily periods (8-11 AM, 12-4 PM, 5-8 PM) to assess system performance under variable demand conditions. Simulation results depicted successful system functionality with the PV array delivering maximum power output of 200 kW at maximum irradiance conditions (1000 W/m²). The incremental conductance MPPT algorithm presented stable convergence with duty cycles varying from 0.3 to 0.9. The BESS effectively compensated supply-demand variations with the battery SOC stabilizing at 90% while providing rapid charge/discharge responses to EV demand variations. The system could prioritize the utilization of the renewable energy with the battery as the initial buffer and minimal grid dependence, thus satisfying the intended objective of enabling EVCS from renewable energy with storage assistance. Economic analysis revealed high financial viability with a Net Present Value of £215,816, Internal Rate of Return of 12.3%, and payback period of 8.4 years over the 20-year project life. Levelized Cost of Electricity was determined to be at £0.10/kWh, which was competitive with grid electricity tariffs. Revenue streams were through EV charging fees (49.6%), peak demand savings (49.3%), and energy export (1.1%), totaling around £50,000 annually. The study demonstrates that grid-connected solar PV-BESS systems can provide technically feasible and economically efficient industrial EV charging infrastructure solutions, fostering decarbonization goals while reducing operational costs and grid dependence.10 0Item Restricted OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT AND SIZING FOR BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS FOR GRID APPLICATIONS(University of Denver, 2023-08-03) Alharbi, Abdullah; Gao, David WenzhongBattery energy storage systems (BESSs) play a dominant role in the reliability, resiliency, economics, and operational flexibility of the power grid. As such, the BESS is a promising and reliable green technology for supporting power grid facilities. However, the integration of BESS technology into power projects can be expensive and challenging, both technologically and in terms of regulation compliance. Thus, it is necessary to examine best practices for fully optimizing BESS sizing, operation, and scheduling in the context of benefiting BESS operators and investors by fully exploiting the valuable economic and technical benefits of BESSs. In this research, we identify several factors in regard to BESS's simultaneous participation in the energy arbitration and frequency regulation markets and how certain BESS characteristics must be considered to optimize return on investment and profit for BESS operators/investors. Specifically, we comprehensively investigate and discuss BESS participation in the energy and ancillary services markets using historical PJM data and by utilizing new sizing and management models to overcome the current challenges involved with integrating BESSs into the power grid. Planning models are developed to determine the optimal values for a microgrid-integrated BESS in terms of power rating, energy rating, and reserved capacity when the microgrid in question participates in the PJM frequency regulation and energy markets. The integrated, optimally-sized BESS seeks to minimize fuel consumption from thermal units in the microgrid and to capture renewable energy to then be traded in the grid market. Furthermore, a novel MILP-optimization methodology is developed and proposed to optimally size and operate a grid-scale Li-ion BESS that performs stacked services. In this model, the state of charge after discharging constrains the BESS's operation. The model considers BESS degradation costs and discharging rate. The model determines the cost function of each of these factors with special attention to the life cycle of a Li-ion BESS. Our research fills a critical gap in the literature by providing a comprehensive approach to the optimal sizing and management of BESSs while considering various uncertainties, contributing to the sustainable integration and operation of BESSs in power grid facilities. Moreover, we investigated the size of BESS while considering uncertainties in both market frequency and energy, BESS cost, and the Automatic Generation Control (AGC) signal. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was applied to assess BESS efficiency. Thus, a comprehensive sizing model was considered in order to observe the effects of these uncertainty parameters on the size of the BESS. For BESS management, a scheduling model to operate a BESS performing stacked grid services simultaneously is developed. This model aims to maximize the economic return on investment of the BESS while also prolonging its lifespan. The BESS operational control methodology is simulated and solved using MILP. The approach is designed to maximize BESS revenue by optimally bidding in several markets. Finally, we present a viability assessment of a repurposed battery from an electric vehicle (REVB) performing grid applications, in which we evaluate how economical REVBs can be for providing frequency regulation and energy arbitrage. A 1-year planning model for REVBs is applied to compare an REVB BESS with a BESS with new batteries with consideration of a number of factors, including capital cost. In conjunction with this examination of REVBs, we also investigate the cost and lifecycles of the second life of EV batteries36 0