Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted PERCEIVED VALUE AS A MODERATOR ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERVICE QUALITY AND SATISFACTION PILGRIMS IN SAUDI ARABIA(University Technology Mara, 2025) dubayl, Hanadi Al bu; Gani, Arni bt AbdulIn Umrah, service quality is paramount due to the unique nature of the Umrah experience. Ensuring smooth and efficient services, such as transportation, accommodation, safety, and food & beverages, is crucial for meeting pilgrims' expectations. Pilgrims' satisfaction in Umrah is closely tied to the seamless execution of services, commitment to religious protocols, and personalized attention from Saudi Arabia and service providers. This study aims to assess the impact of service quality on pilgrims’ satisfaction with the services received. And to examine the role of perceived values as the moderating factor between service quality and satisfaction. This study employed a quantitative approach with convenient sampling to analyze service quality in Umrah in Saudi Arabia. The sample consists of 138 Malaysian pilgrims who have performed Umrah at least once in the last five years. The data was gathered through the distribution of the questionnaire, following which it was run by SPSS 27&30 for further analysis. The study results showed that the regression model accounts for 80.5% of the variation in Perceived Value, and the correlation matrix shows that most of the variables are positively correlated. Finally, perceived value moderates the relationship between service quality and satisfaction in some dimensions of service quality, enhancing its impact on satisfaction. However, in other dimensions, the perceived value did not have a significant effect on the satisfaction of pilgrims.18 0Item Restricted The United Kingdom Muslims' Perspectives Toward Tourism in Saudi Arabia After Hajj or Umrah(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-12-19) Alshamrani, Zuher; Hooper, NicolaMillions of pilgrims visit Saudi Arabia annually to perform the religious duties of 'Hajj and Umrah'. This research aims to explore the willingness of UK pilgrims to engage in tourism activities after Hajj or Umrah by examining the literature on tourism and public relations in Saudi Arabia. A survey was used to measure attitudes, while focus groups were used to explore these attitudes in greater depth. Data was collected from 109 UK Muslim participants, and the results indicated that most were subsequently willing to engage in tourism activities. Almost a quarter of the participants expressed that they have a moral or religious conflict when mixing Hajj or Umrah with tourism. Their main interests regarding tourism in Saudi Arabia are visiting Islamic landmarks and local cuisines, while their main concerns are hot weather and financial costs. The image they hold regarding tourism in Saudi Arabia is associated with religion, as it is the country that contains Islamic sanctities and offers nothing else. The majority of UK pilgrims lack awareness of the tourism opportunities in Saudi Arabia, and receive the information they do acquire from social media. Public relations can play a crucial role in enhancing the image of the Saudi tourism sector, addressing misconceptions, raising awareness of the available tourism opportunities, and developing mutual understanding with the target audiences. This can be achieved by considering pilgrims as the main stakeholder, adopting the Two-Way Symmetrical Model as a framework for communication, and applying a Change Model. This research provides an overview of UK Muslims’ perspectives towards the Saudi tourism sector and discusses the role of PR in promoting Saudi Arabia as an attractive destination. The research aims to help public relations practitioners in the Saudi tourism sector attract more tourists.22 0Item Restricted The Role of Hand Hygiene in the Prevention of Emerging Respiratory Tract Infections among Attendees of Religious Mass Gatherings in Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-12-21) Hashim, Mahdi A; Rashid, HarunorHajj and Umrah pilgrimages in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) pose a high risk of transmission of respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Hand hygiene (HH) is a fundamental infection control measure, but its preventive role against RTIs during mass gatherings (MGs) lacks focused research. Therefore, this PhD thesis aimed to assess knowledge, perceptions, and practices regarding HH and its role in preventing viral RTIs among attendees of religious MGs in KSA during the COVID-19 pandemic while also exploring the burden and patterns of RTIs among pilgrims. Five observational studies and a pilot randomised control trial (RCT) were conducted between 2019 and 2021 among domestic Hajj and Umrah pilgrims in Makkah and visitors to the Prophet's Mosque in Al Madinah, in addition to a systematised review study. The systematised review identified a high risk of RTIs during Hajj, regardless of pilgrims’ nationality. However, my studies found an overall low prevalence of RTIs among pilgrims during the pandemic, with even lower rates of possible COVID-19. Participants demonstrated moderate HH knowledge, with no apparent improvement during the pandemic. Yet, the majority of participants believed in HH methods' effectiveness against viruses like COVID-19. Compliance with HH practices was generally good, with handwashing with soap being the preferred method. However, no statistically significant difference in HH compliance rate or RTI rates was found between the intervention and control groups in our trial during the pandemic, suggesting inconclusive evidence of HH's protective role during Umrah. The trial successfully demonstrated the feasibility of a future large trial within the Umrah setting. Ongoing efforts to improve HH knowledge and compliance among pilgrims are essential, along with further research to refine preventive measures in MG contexts. These results have significant implications for global public health policy, not only in KSA but also in similar MG settings globally.25 0