Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted COMPARING EFFECTIVENESS OF INTRAORAL SCANNER IN CARIES DETECTION(Saudi Digital Library, 2025-05-20) Alruwaili, Mohand; Weinstein, GeraldineThis study investigates the diagnostic performance of the TRIOS 5 intraoral scanner in detecting dental caries compared to traditional methods such as visual-tactile examination and radiographic imaging. With 21 adult participants, the study used a comparative diagnostic accuracy design to evaluate the scanner’s sensitivity, specificity, and agreement with the gold-standard radiographic findings. Results showed that while the TRIOS 5 demonstrated high sensitivity (89.4%) and a strong negative predictive value (87.0%), its specificity was low (26.4%), indicating a high rate of false positives. Cohen’s Kappa analysis revealed poor agreement between scanner and radiograph findings (κ = 0.100), and McNemar’s test confirmed statistically significant discrepancies (p = 4.648). These findings suggest that although the TRIOS 5 is effective in early caries detection, its diagnostic output should be interpreted alongside conventional methods to avoid overtreatment. The study highlights the scanner’s potential as an adjunct diagnostic tool and calls for further research on AI-driven enhancements and standardized calibration protocols to improve clinical accuracy and reliability.50 0Item Restricted PRE-ANALYTICAL FACTORS IMPACTING BLOOD CULTURE POSITIVITY OUTCOMES: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY AT SULTAN AHMAD SHAH MEDICAL CENTRE, IIUM(INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA, 2024) Hakami, Aeshah Ali; Kamarudin, NorhidayahBlood culture (BC) is a crucial test for diagnosing bloodstream infections (BSIs) and can be significantly influenced by pre-analytical factors. Despite its importance, concerns persist regarding the reliability of BC results, often due to contamination and variability in positivity outcomes. This study addresses the research gap concerning the impact of specific pre-analytical factors such as location, transportation time, site of collection, and sample volume on BC positivity rates at Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre @ IIUM. A cross-sectional analysis of 276 BC vials from 138 patients revealed that 58% were male, with a mean age of 61.8 years. Samples for the BC analysis were collected from emergency wards (35.5%) and peripheral veins (84.8%). The overall positivity rate was 29.0%, with 34 (24.6%) positive aerobic vials and 24 (17.4%) positive anaerobic vials. Optimal blood volume (8-10 ml) was achieved in only 17.4% of cases. The mean blood volume was 6.3 ± 3.7 ml for aerobic vials and 5.9 ± 3.0 ml for anaerobic vials, both of which are considered suboptimal based on the literature review (<8 ml). The mean time to positivity (TTP) was significantly different in anaerobic cultures when comparing varying blood volumes (p = 0.009). Although demographics and other pre-analytical factors did not significantly predict true or false positives (p > 0.05), the observed trends underscore the need for improved diagnostic practices. This study provides valuable insights into the pre-analytical factors affecting BC outcomes, emphasizing the importance of refining protocols to enhance diagnostic accuracy and patient management for suspected BSIs.16 0Item Restricted Comparing the Effectiveness of MRI-Guided Versus Ultrasound-Guided Biopsies in the Detection of Prostate Cancer(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-11-23) Alrashidi, Muteb; Nabi, GhulamObjective: Through a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis, this research sought to assess the diagnostic accuracy of MRI-guided prostate biopsies and ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies in the detection of prostate cancer. The research questions examined whether MRI-guided targeted biopsies improve detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) and overall prostate cancer in comparison to ultrasound-guided biopsies. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was designed and conducted across multiple databases up to April 10, 2023, to identify relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2019 and 2023. RCTs comparing MRI-guided targeted biopsy to ultrasound-guided systematic or cognitive biopsy were included. Outcomes analysed were rates of csPCa detection and overall prostate cancer detection. The calculation of pooled odds ratios was performed using fixed-effects models for data that showed homogeneity and random-effects models for data that exhibited heterogeneity. The assessment of bias was conducted via the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool. Results: Five RCTs with 1590 participants were included. A meta-analysis of three studies (n = 654) found MRI-guided biopsy significantly increased overall prostate cancer detection compared to ultrasound-guided biopsy (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.40–2.68, p<0.0001). However, for csPCa detection specifically, MRI-guided biopsy showed a non-significant improvement over ultrasound-guided biopsy (OR 1.72, 95% CI 0.99–3.00, p = 0.06) based on three studies. Significant heterogeneity was present for csPCa detection (I² = 56%). Conclusion: MRI-guided targeted biopsy appears to improve overall prostate cancer detection versus ultrasound-guided approaches. However, evidence remains inconclusive regarding its advantages for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer specifically. Additional high-quality RCTs are needed to clarify the comparative accuracy of these biopsy techniques for csPCa detection.25 0