Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Design and Perform Techno-Economic Analysis of The Conceptual Ammonia Transport Network in the Humber Cluster(Newcastle University, 2025) Alalyani, Ahmed Turki M; Oko, EniThis project presents the conceptual design and techno-economic analysis of an ammonia-based hydrogen transport network for the Humber Cluster, a key industrial region in the UK. The study focuses on optimising the supply chain to meet the hydrogen demands of major industrial facilities—VPI Immingham, Phillips 66 Humber Refinery, British Steel Scunthorpe, and Keadby Power Station—by leveraging ammonia as a hydrogen carrier. A combination of theoretical calculations and simulation models was employed to estimate hydrogen demand, pipeline design parameters, and ammonia transport requirements. The pipeline network, spanning 43.5 km, features a dynamic design with varying diameters to accommodate reduced flow rates across branches, ensuring efficient transport and minimal energy losses. Pressure drops calculations using the Darcy-Weisbach equation were validated against simulation results from Aspen HYSYS, which utilised the Beggs and Brill method. The simulations revealed a total pressure drop of 0.44 bar—significantly lower than the initial theoretical estimate of 0.72 bar—resulting in reduced pump power requirements, enhancing the network’s overall efficiency. To ensure continuous hydrogen supply, high-efficiency ammonia cracking units are integrated at each site, achieving a conversion efficiency of 95%. Environmental impact assessments demonstrate that using Siemens Gamesa's renewable energy for pumping and cracking operations could result in near-zero CO₂ emissions, aligning the project with the UK’s net-zero targets and reducing its carbon footprint. A comprehensive financial analysis indicates a total capital expenditure of £1.3443 billion and annual operational costs of £593.59 million, with an estimated annual revenue of £954.7 million from hydrogen production. The calculated payback period is approximately 3.72 years, with a return on investment (ROI) of 26.86%. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the project's financial resilience under varying market conditions, emphasising renewable energy's economic and environmental benefits, which could save approximately £71.89 million annually in operational costs. This project demonstrates the feasibility and strategic advantages of an ammonia-based hydrogen transport network within the Humber Cluster, providing a scalable and cost-effective model for future low-carbon industrial initiatives globally.24 0Item Restricted ELECTROCHEMICAL NITROGEN REDUCTION TO AMMONIA USING MOLYBDENUM DISULFIDE-BASED NANOCATALYSTS(UA Little Rock, 2019-12) Basurrah, Assem; Zhao, WeiAmmonia is the basis for producing fertilizers for food production. The Haber Bosch process is the main method to produce ammonia. Because of the energy and environmental problems associated with the Haber-Bosch process, extensive research is being explored for other ammonia production methods, including electrochemical methods based on nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). In this thesis, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanocatalysts (~4 nm) on carbon fibers were synthesized by hydrothermal reactions. The resulting composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties of the composites were measured by using linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and controlled potential electrolysis to evaluate their NRR performances and effectiveness in the production of ammonia. Ammonia was produced with a yield rate of 1.5810-10 mole s −1 cm−2 and Faradaic efficiency 9.39% for NRR, both of them were higher than or close to those in literatures in aqueous solutions without using co-catalysts15 0