Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/10
Browse
3 results
Search Results
Item Restricted Blood Glucose Monitoring Devices and Digital Biomarkers in Diabetes: Effectiveness, Utilisation and Challenges: A Systematic Review(King's College London, 2024-10-09) Al Hamdan, Janah Abdullah; Lu, LeiAbstract Introduction: Diabetes management has advanced with the introduction of digital biomarkers and blood glucose monitoring (BGM) devices, offering new avenues for improving glycemic control. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness, utilisation, and challenges of these technologies in diabetes management. Methodology: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, and Embase for studies published between 2014 and 2024. Eligible studies involved adult patients (aged ≥18) with diabetes using wearable or body-mounted devices for glucose monitoring. The review included continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems (e.g., Dexcom, Medtronic), flash glucose monitoring (FGM) systems (e.g., Freestyle Libre), and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) devices. A total of 27 studies were included, comprising RCTs, observational studies, pilot studies, interventional studies, and quasi-experimental studies. Results: CGM systems demonstrated significant improvements in glycemic control, with reductions in HbA1c ranging from 0.6% to 1.1% and improvements in time in range (TIR) from 43% to 59%. FGM systems showed an average HbA1c reduction of 0.44% and a significant decrease in hypoglycemic events, particularly nighttime hypoglycemia (a 0.29-hour reduction, p=0.0001). While SMBG proved effective for real-time glucose monitoring, it showed lower adherence rates and a limited impact on long-term glycemic outcomes compared to CGM and FGM. Across studies, CGM outperformed FGM and SMBG in minimising glycemic variability (GV) (27% vs 29%, p=0.05) and improving patient satisfaction. However, challenges related to device cost, accessibility, and adherence, particularly for SMBG, remain prevalent. Conclusion: CGM and FGM offer substantial benefits over traditional SMBG, particularly in reducing HbA1c, improving TIR, and decreasing hypoglycemic events. While these advanced glucose monitoring systems provide significant clinical advantages, barriers such as cost and complexity must be addressed to ensure broader adoption and improved health outcomes for diabetes patients globally19 0Item Restricted IoT-Based Diabetic Students' Decision Support System(UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK, 2024-04) alotaibi, mona; joy, mikeIn decision support systems, IoT plays a crucial role, with Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) devices exemplifying IoT sensors. Diabetic patients can maintain continuous control of diabetes using CGM devices and with minimal fingerstick tests. These devices alert the users in case of a decrease or increase in glucose levels. Although these devices are widely used in the healthcare sector, CGM is seldom utilised for educational purposes. However, students with diabetes could benefit from the Internet of Things. A three-phase design science research (DSR) approach was adopted for this research. An investigative study and a review of the literature were carried out during the first phase. The review revealed that there is concern regarding current conflicts in the literature. Previous research suggested that diabetic students do not perform worse academically and that the condition has no effect on cognitive abilities. However, more recent research revealed that in addition to attendance issues, cognitive functioning problems and difficulty focusing cause these students to perform less effectively in their academic tasks. The main aim of this phase was to establish the issues and develop a system to solve them. Then, an investigative study design based on mixed methods was conducted with 231 teachers and administrative staff, 133 parents of diabetic students, and 154 diabetic students in Saudi Arabia high schools. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 3 diabetic specialists at the University of Warwick and 5 parents of diabetic students in Saudi Arabia. The investigative study concluded that more than half of all participants agreed that poor glycaemic control affects academic achievement of students in addition to the fact that they suffer with focus, attendance, and attention as implications of repeated hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia. Therefore, the development phase proposed an Internet of Things-based support system to solve the extracted issues. In addition, this phase included the development and implementation of the deterministic classification model which classifies glucose readings. Then, the development of mobile and web applications and the integration of these applications with the model was built. Finally, the evaluation phase consisted of a main experiment implemented in a Saudi Arabian high school with 5 teachers and 4 students utilising Dexcom CGM sensors. Semi-structured interviews with teachers were conducted to assess their perspectives on utilising the mobile application during the assessment period. Furthermore, the conclusions drawn demonstrated that using the developed mobile and web applications enhanced teachers' experiences. Recommendations for further research as well as the study's limitations are provided in the conclusion of the study.33 0Item Restricted IAI-CGM: A Novel Theoretical Framework for Internet of Things -Enabled Continuous Glucose Monitoring Adoption for Self-Empowerment Perspectives Among Saudi Patients with Type 1 Diabetes(University of Sussex, 2024-07-11) Almansour, Hamad; Beloff, Natalia; White, MartinBackground: The alarming surge in the occurrence of diabetes in Saudi Arabia has been primarily linked to the adoption of a "westernised" lifestyle, especially in dietary practices. Despite the existence of treatment facilities, projections indicate that diabetes will affect approximately 25% of Saudi Arabia's adult population by 2030. Addressing this worrying situation regarding type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) requires a paradigm shift in health control dynamics. The emphasis is moving from relying solely on doctors and physicians to placing greater responsibility in the hands of patients. This shift implies that patients should possess enhanced knowledge and the means for self-empowerment over their diet and nutrition to address their health-related issues. This is where smart technology assumes significance, empowering patients to adopt self-care management roles with Internet of Things (IoT)- enabled devices. However, it is imperative that use of IoT-enabled continuous glucose monitoring (IoT-CGM) be implemented at diabetes primary care centres in order for this practice to be normalized among all patients in Saudi Arabia. It is challenging to accurately assess the current rate of smart technology adoption by patients and IoT integration in the Saudi healthcare sector. Patients’ IoT-CGM adoption may be caused by numerous factors, such as practical, technological, and user behaviour factors. The study seeks to gauge the extent to which Saudi Arabian patients with diabetes are ready to embrace IoT-CGM for self- empowerment. Aims and Objectives: The research aims to assess the readiness and willingness of primary diabetes care patients in Saudi Arabia to wear CGM devices, thereby allowing self-empowerment. This research examines the literature that represents the challenges and concerns influencing the adoption of IoT-CGM, taking into account the experiences of T1DM patients in the environment of Saudi Arabia. The theoretical framework of the adoption of IoT-CGM is based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). Consequently, a theoretical framework is proposed as intention to adopt internet of things-enabled continuous glucose monitoring (IAI-CGM) to assess the willingness of Saudi Arabian T1DM patients for self- empowerment. Methods: The quantitative primary data were collected from 873 T1DM patients in Saudi Arabia, aged at least 18 years old. Primary data were analysed using the research IAI-CGM framework. Next, the validity and reliability of instrument were measured after checking data normality in SPSS and then the hypotheses were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) in AMOS. In the following step, qualitative data were collected through 15 comprehensive semi-structured interviews to capture the viewpoints of T1DM patients. A thematic analysis was performed to explore themes grounded on the theoretical IAI-CGM framework to identify the significance of practical, technological, and user behaviour factors that influence the adoption intention of T1DM patients. Results: The results consolidate the critical factors into the proposed IAI-CGM framework, identifying the main elements crucial for the framework in the context of T1DM patients in Saudi Arabia. The comprehensive theoretical IAI-CGM framework, based on the TAM, was applied and extended to comprehend the factors affecting the intention to adopt IoT-CGM in the context of Saudi Arabia. The results indicate the significance of practical, technological, and user behaviour factors, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Conclusion: This study investigated the critical factors found in the theoretical IAI-CGM framework, such as practical, technological, and user behaviour factors, in the environment of Saudi Arabia. The research findings give valuable information regarding the willingness of Saudi Arabian T1DM patients to adopt IoT-CGM, which necessitates its integration into the Saudi healthcare system.12 0