Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Computational Fluid Dynamics study of fixed bed adsorbers informed by 3D X-ray Computed Tomography(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Alalwyat, Ahmed; Ronny, PiniA resolved 3D CFD transient multi-component solver was created, solving the 3D Navier-Stokes equations for the fluid phase and containing adsorption physics as boundary conditions within the surface of spherical particles. The geometry was reconstructed by X-ray computed tomography to be a 3D spherically packed bed and reduced to a packed cube with 11 mm long sides for a more reasonable computational cost. The mesh was created by background meshing initially with (64, 64, 60) cells in the 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧 directions, respectively. The mesh of spherical particles was removed to retain the fluid mesh only and implement extra refinement levels around the spherical particles. Further smoothness was applied at the edges of the packed cube and at the distorted cells due to the imperfect removal of the mesh of the spherical particles. The steady-steady solver was used to generate a maximum air velocity magnitude of 4.5 mm/s. The transient solver was used to generate CO2 mass composition maps depicting how CO2 flow replaces N2 gradually in porous media. The adsorption physics was implemented based on Henry’s and dual-site Langmuir’s equilibrium isotherms. A linear relationship between the rate of CO2 loading was confirmed for the Henry’s isotherm, while non-linear adsorption/desorption behaviour was noticed for the dual-site Langmuir’s equilibrium isotherms. The transient simulation with the dual-site Langmuir’s equilibrium implementation was computationally convergent by a grid convergence index study and validated to have 3% error from the analytical solution.10 0Item Restricted TRACKING THE SUCCESS OF CONVENTIONAL DECARBONISATION STRATEGIES with a Focus on CCS and CCUS(Saudi Digital Library, 2024) Alhazmi, Abeer; Robert Steinberger- WilckensThis research examines the effectiveness of traditional decarbonisation strategies, specifically focusing on Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage (CCUS) technologies. A comprehensive review evaluates the technological advancements, economic feasibility, and regulatory frameworks that have influenced the adoption of CCS and CCUS in the United Kingdom, the United States, the European Union, and Iceland. It also presents critical case studies of operational CCS/CCUS projects in these regions, offering a global perspective on the development of these technologies. The analysis encompasses optimistic and conservative projections for CCS deployment while evaluating the economic and storage capacity challenges inherent in the UK's decarbonisation plans. Moreover, it examines the cost analysis of various carbon capture methods, including Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage BECCS and Direct Air Capture (DAC), to gauge the financial feasibility of these strategies and estimate the total decarbonisation cost for the UK’s energy system, projected at £3 trillion by 2050. The study concludes by estimating the UK's CO₂ storage capacity, suggesting its long-term feasibility based on current technological advancements and storage potential. This research underscores the importance of CCS and CCUS technologies in global decarbonisation efforts while addressing the uncertainties related to their long-term application and cost efficiency.21 0Item Restricted Enhancing Flow Electrode Deionization Cell Performance for Water Desalination(University of Akron, 2024-05-01) Alsaikhan, Khaled; Peng, ZhenmengFlow electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) uses electrosorption to remove ions and particles with low voltage. Its benefits include low energy use, high recovery, simplicity, and environmental friendliness. Herein, various operating conditions of carbon-based electrodes in FCDI were studied to find optimal parameters, and a new redox couple electrode was introduced for RFD. In Chapter II, five commercial carbon products were assessed for FCDI flow electrode suitability to identify the top performer. Carbon black (CB BP and CB V), carbon nanotubes (CNT), mesoporous carbon (MC), and carbon nanofibers (CNF) were compared for electrochemical and desalination performance in SCC mode. The CB BP sample showed the highest performance among all samples due to its high surface area and small particle size that allow the ions to transfer in between the particles faster without being blocked as well as its outstanding charging/discharging process. In Chapter III, different FCDI parameters, including carbon concentration, cell voltage, and flow rate of the flow electrode, were investigated to examine their influences on desalination. Long-term operation for about 83.3 minutes of the carbon-based FCDI was evaluated using the optimal results found in the conditions of 1.5 M CB BP concentration, 1.5 V cell voltage, and 20 mL min−1 flow rate of electrode and water streams. The results showed an average salt removal rate (ASRR) of 63.7 μg cm−2 min−1, energy consumption (EC) iv of 162 kJ mol−1, and charge efficiency (CE) of 89.3%. Chapter IV studies [FcN]+/2+ redox couple-based flow electrode deionization (RFD) cell for desalination application. The prepared electrode was studied and analyzed in multiple operation conditions, including, the effect of cell voltage, flow rate of the redox couple, and initial NaCl concentration in water streams. A stability test was performed to examine the redox couple's ability for long-run operation for about 5.5 hours at 1.2 V and 25 mL min−1. The average values of the results showed an ASRR of 83.1 μg cm−2 min−1, SRE of 95.4%, EC of 125.02 kJ mol−1, and CE of 92.6%. The research findings show that [FcN]+/2+ redox couple flow electrode can maintain stability for over 5.5 hours, experiencing only a 2.7% decay.30 0