Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted The Impact of Funding Structure and Capital Adequacy on Bank Credit: Risk in US Commercial Banks(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Alkorbi, Salem; Alhalabi, ThaerThis dissertation examines the joint effects of funding structure and capital adequacy on credit risk in US commercial banks, addressing a critical gap in banking literature that has predominantly treated these factors independently. Using data from 785 US commercial banks spanning 2010-2022, the analysis employs interaction modelling to reveal that funding and capital operate through complementary mechanisms rather than independent channels. The central finding demonstrates that well-capitalised banks benefit from deposit funding with lower credit risk, while thinly capitalised banks face increased risk from deposit reliance. Small banks show 2.7 times greater sensitivity to funding decisions than large banks, with interaction effects strongest during post-crisis recovery periods (2010-2015). The results validate differentiated regulatory approaches while providing quantitative guidance for optimal balance sheet management. These findings advance banking theory by providing evidence of conditional relationships and offer precise policy recommendations for enhanced regulatory effectiveness and financial stability.32 0Item Restricted A Comprehensive Case Study on ESG Integration and Analysis for Sustainable Commercial Banks in the United Kingdom(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-03-18) Alnabood, Ali; Hayward, RobertCommercial banks in the United Kingdom strive to operate sustainably and satisfy the demands of their stakeholders, which has increased the importance of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. This comprehensive case study employs a mixed-methods approach that discusses analysing and integrating ESG elements for sustainable commercial banks in the UK. The study commences with a comprehensive examination of current literature on integrating and analysing ESG factors in the banking sector. Subsequently, the literature review outcomes are employed to construct a conceptual framework for integrating and analysing ESG factors customised to the commercial banking industry in the UK. Next, the study uses publicly available data to analyse the ESG performance of the leading five commercial banks in the UK. The analysis includes assessing the banks' implementation of various ESG indicators, including carbon emissions, diversity and inclusion, and governance practices. Finally, the analysis results identify trends and best practices in ESG integration and analysis among UK commercial banks. The study results emphasise the significance of incorporating and evaluating ESG factors for promoting sustainability in commercial banks operating in the UK. The analysis results demonstrate notable disparities in ESG performance among commercial banks in the UK. Certain banks exhibit superior ESG performance compared to others, with statistically significant differences. The study's author has presented a series of suggestions for UK commercial banks seeking to enhance their ESG performance and incorporate ESG factors into their business practices based on the research results. The suggestions encompass the necessity for endorsement from upper-level management, the significance of thorough data gathering and evaluation, and the advantages of involving stakeholders to comprehend their ESG preferences. Overall, this thorough case study offers insightful information on the difficulties and possibilities of ESG integration and analysis for sustainable commercial banks in the UK. The study's mixed-methods methodology provides a comprehensive understanding of the subject. It also gives helpful advice for UK commercial banks aiming to enhance their ESG performance. Finally, the study's conclusions apply to banks and financial institutions worldwide, not only in the UK, as they work to operate sustainably and satisfy changing stakeholder expectations.64 0