Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted The Political Participation of British Muslims(University of Essex, 2024-03-15) Alsolami, Shaher Shbab; Bartle, JohnThis thesis investigates the political participation of British Muslims. I proposed three questions as follows: Paper 1) To what extent does the political participation of British Muslims vary across time and space (Chapter 2)? Paper 2) To what extent does the religious institution ‘mosque’ impact the political participation of British Muslims (chapter 3)? Paper 3) How the political environment associated with key institutions, such as the two major political parties, impact British Muslim political participation (Chapter 4). Methods: I explore the political participation of British Muslims across time and space using the British Elections Panel Study (BEPS) between 2014 to 2020, the Euro-Islam dataset and Pippa Norris’s Westminster constituency dataset. I investigate the impact of mosque attendance on electoral and protest participation by using the British Election Study Ethnic Minority Booster sample 2010 (EMBES). I explore the impact of the two major parties of government on participation by British Muslims by drawing on evidence from various sources, including biographical accounts of Muslims and reports in the media. Findings: British Muslims are very similar to other religious groups in their response to political events. There is no difference between them and other groups in terms of political integration. At aggregate level constituencies with higher proportions of Muslim constituencies have a higher rate of turnout compared to otherwise identical constituencies. Mosques play a significant role in their participation, whether electoral or other forms of participation. These institutions encouraged protest activities such as boycotts, petitions, and demonstrations. This may be because British Muslims receive less attention, especially in tackling Islamophobia and discrimination from the mainstream political parties “Conservative and Labour”. This creates a negative political environment, this may a tendency to protest activities were among British Muslims in 2010.32 0Item Restricted Review times and clinical evidence on COVID-19 Vaccine Approvals in the US Food and Drug Administration and European Union” EMA”(Massachusetts University, 2024) Abu Rukbah, Walaa Saad; Mekary, RaniaBackground: Medication approval procedures have undergone streamlining by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). This study identifies discrepancies in evidence supplied, comparing the review times and regulations of drugs licensed by both agencies. Objective: To compare the alignment of review outcomes between the EMA and FDA for medicines approved by both agencies from 2020 to 2022. Design: By examining the FDA and EMA websites, all COVID-19 vaccines licensed from December 2020 to January 2022 were identified. Publicly available information from the FDA and EMA websites determined the COVID-19 vaccines approved by each agency. Results: In 2020-2022, the FDA licensed 3 vaccines, while the EMA licensed 5. The median review time is typically shorter in the FDA than in the EMA. Differences in regulations and processes for COVID-19 vaccines submitted to the two regulators were identified. Conclusion: The median review time for COVID-19 vaccines approved by both agencies was similar. Despite differences in regulations and processes due to the pandemic, both the FDA and EMA share the common goal of ensuring safety and efficacy.36 0