Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted International Law Institutions and the Control of Multinational Corporate Economic Violations: the Role of Fianancial and Arbitral Mechanism.(Indiana University Bloomington, 2025) Almrshed, Ziad; Ochoa, Christianan; Hughes, Sarah JaneAbstract Some investors, including multinational corporations (MNCs), engage in economic crimes and illegal activities without facing accountability, often due to inadequate oversight. These investors wield significant power and operate across multiple jurisdictions, requiring collective efforts from international institutions, states, and private actors to address these challenges. While oversight and control mechanisms exist, some remain underutilized. This study examines the role of international law in addressing investors’ economic misconduct through financial and dispute settlement mechanisms. It explores whether international financial institutions (IFIs), such as the International Finance Corporation (IFC), and dispute resolution centers, particularly the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), can effectively regulate and respond to such activities. The study considers the strengths of IFIs, including insurance and guarantee organizations, in curbing illegal financial practices through preventive measures, such as contractual power, and assesses the role of arbitration institutions and arbitrators in resolving disputes and deterring future violations. Oversight remains a key focus at the financing stage, whereas arbitration primarily involves greater control at a later stage, emphasizing the complementary roles of these mechanisms. By examining the potential of the IFC and ICSID, this research highlights their respective capacities as leading institutions within the World Bank framework. While the study focuses on these institutions due to their prominence, its analysis may be applicable to other international financial and arbitration mechanisms addressing similar challenges.20 0Item Restricted Exploring police corruption in non-Western settings. An evaluative study on the applicability of existing theories of corruption in Mexico(University of Leeds, 2024-07-28) Aljuaid, Nouf; Butcher, SeanCorruption in police forces is a pressing problem in Mexico. Most theories and academic explanations of police corruption, including the ‘rotten apple’, ‘rotten barrel’, and ‘rotten orchards’ theories, were developed to fit the realities of Western countries, they may not necessarily apply to other parts of the world with completely different policing systems, police culture, or different perceptions of corruption by the wider society. This study aims to explore how the existing theories of corruption explain police corruption in Mexico, particularly in police services. The desk-based research applies the most popular theories, such as ‘rotten apple’, ‘rotten barrel’, and ‘rotten orchards’, and moves beyond them to discover theories and perspectives that can help gain a better understanding of the complex socio-political, legal, and historical factors that explain police corruption in Mexico. The study reveals that common corruption theories, such as ‘rotten apple’ and ‘rotten barrel’, are designed for the Western context and, therefore, are not entirely applicable to the Mexican setting. The ‘rotten orchards’ theory, the historical perspective, and additional theories of labelling and noble cause combined provide a better analysis of the corruption issue in this country. They demonstrate that corruption has been historically embedded in police services and society in general, created close links between police officers and criminals and made legal and policy responses ineffective. Based on the obtained findings, the study provides recommendations for further research and practice.27 0Item Restricted Economic Growth and Corruption: A Comprehensive Study of Regional Asia, MENA and African Union(Western Sydney University, 2023-11-01) Shawdari, Ahmed; Gangopadhyay, ParthaThis thesis provides a thorough examination of the effects of corruption on economic growth in three geographical areas: the Asian Region, the MENA region ,and the African Union. This study is an empirical inquiry into whether corruption is a serious constant to expansion in Asia Region, the Middle East , and African Union . Chapter 1 Explains the background of this topic. Chapter 2 Investigates the impact of law and order, capital formation, and workforce on economic growth in SAARC countries. Economic growth in India is the focus of Chapter 3's analysis of renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Chapter 4 Investigates the impact of corruption, quality of bureaucracy, government stability, law and order and foreign direct investment on the economic growth of three regions. Chapter 5 How the corruption-growth nexus affected by institutions of India and Indonesia. Chapter 6 Conclusion and policy recommendations based on the findings of this thesis.17 0Item Restricted The Role of Decentralization in Combating Corruption in Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-12-15) Alatawi, Omar; Gevurttz, Franklin AThis research argues for the importance of decentralization in combating administrative and financial corruption in Saudi Arabia. It is crucial to address this issue due to its detrimental impact on Saudi society's political, social, and economic aspects, its adverse effects on government institutions, and the depletion of national resources over time. Undoubtedly, addressing a global problem like corruption poses enormous difficulties for many countries worldwide because every country has or will ultimately face this issue within its borders. Corruption is a serious issue that plagues all human societies, no matter how advanced or sophisticated we become. The dissertation employs official data from the Anti-Corruption Authority to analyze the severity of financial and administrative corruption in Saudi Arabia (Nazaha) and to establish that the critical causes of corruption in Saudi Arabia are a lack of transparency and inadequate supervision of government entities by oversight authorities. The dissertation also outlines the structure of the Saudi government and its evolution over time, from its inception to the present day, including the development of central administration and decentralization. Saudi Arabia’s approach to decentralization is unique and tailored to its national interests, using regional and municipal councils as one form of decentralization reform. The dissertation highlights the decentralized governance structure of these councils and emphasizes the importance of empowering them by granting them greater authority and influence, enabling them to create a more significant impact. The dissertation also highlights the necessity and value of having the council members elected by the citizens of the regions they serve rather than being directly appointed by the central government. The dissertation also emphasizes the significance of enacting laws and regulations that enable citizens to attend regular local and regional council meetings and vote on some of the decisions related to local issues and tasks. Doing so will encourage citizens to take an active role in decision-making at the local level. Increasing community engagement through these councils will enhance transparency and public scrutiny of their work, which, in addition to monitoring by governmental authorities, will help reduce corruption.63 0