Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Physical Activity: Exploring the Issues among Asian Population in the UK and Advocating for Policy Change: A Mixed-Method Study(University of Nottingham, 2024-07) Alaslani, Hadeel; Adams, Gary; Shaw, IanBackground and aim: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), a glucose intolerance disorder resulting in hyperglycaemia, affects approximately one in every 23 pregnancies in the United Kingdom (UK). Compared to other ethnic groups in the UK, Asian-born women have a higher rate of GDM (5.8%). Physical activity is reported to have numerous benefits for both the expectant mother and foetus, such as improving insulin sensitivity and reducing the risk of developing GDM. This study examines the patterns of physical activity that impact GDM occurrence among Asian pregnant women living in the UK by: 1) assessing the association between patterns of physical activity engagement by Asian pregnant women and GDM occurrence; 2) gaining insight into Asian women’s knowledge of GDM and identifying barriers to and enablers of physical activity during pregnancy. Method: This research employed an explanatory sequential mixed method design comprising two phases. Data for the first phase were collected from 75 participants using a Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ). In the second phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 participants. Findings: Chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis revealed no significant association between physical activity based on different variables during pregnancy and GDM occurrence in the first phase. However, sports/exercise, occupational, and light-intensity physical activities indicated a protective effect against GDM. Thematic analysis in the second phase identified four themes aligned with the socioecological model framework underpinning the study context. Both quantitative and qualitative findings were integrated into a joint display table to enable an in-depth evaluation of the interactions among intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental factors influencing changes in physical activity behaviour among pregnant Asian women. Conclusions and recommendations: This thesis has made a unique contribution to existing knowledge on physical activity during pregnancy and the occurrence of GDM among Asian women in the UK. Application of the socioecological model provided evidence of changes in physical activity behaviour and the influence of individual, social, and environmental factors. These findings are significant for various domains, including public health, and groups such as policy health advisors, and healthcare professionals concerned with female prenatal health. Future studies should support practice in culturally appropriate strategies for promoting physical activity by ensuring that solutions are culturally relevant rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. Understanding Asian culture will allow healthcare providers to effectively address the specific requirements of this demographic of pregnant women rather than simply adopting current guidelines, which may be inadequate.9 0Item Restricted The Role of Education on The Association Between Ethnicity and Tooth Loss(King's College London, 2024-08) Alfraih, Jood; Delgado Angulo, ElsaAbstract Aim: The study aimed to explore the association between tooth loss and ethnicity and to assess the mediating role of education in this relationship. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted on cross-sectional data from adults aged 16 and over who participated in the Health Survey for England in 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2005. Logistic regression models were employed to examine the association between ethnicity and tooth loss, with the adjustment for sociodemographic variables. The role of education as a mediator in this relationship was also assessed. Results: The findings revealed significant ethnic differences in the prevalence of edentulism. Black Caribbean and White British participants exhibited the highest prevalence rates of edentulism, whereas Bangladeshi individuals had significantly lower odds of experiencing tooth loss. Education emerged as a critical determinant, with higher educational attainment associated with lower odds of edentulism. The mediation analysis highlighted that Black Caribbean individuals with no education had significantly higher odds of edentulism. Conclusion: The study underscores the complex interplay between ethnicity, education, and tooth loss. It highlights the need for public health interventions that target oral health education and improve access to care, particularly for ethnic minorities and lower socioeconomic groups.24 0Item Restricted Intra-ethnic variation in the English spoken by Iraqi Arabs in London and Glasgow: A sociophonetic study(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-06-19) Alasiri, Ebtehal Ali; Stuart-Smith, Jane; Smith, JenniferOver the last two decades, the UK has received a massive influx of immigrants who are diverse not only in terms of their ethnic and religious backgrounds but also in their migration routes and experience (Vertovec, 2007). Such differences play a key role in the socio-economic and demographic stratification within and across ethnic communities, and by implication, the speak- ers’ sociolinguistic behaviour. However, little attention has been given to the possible impact of migration routes and experience on sociophonetic variations within and across ethnic com- munities. Most of the related research on ethnic communities has been largely concentrated on South-Asian and Afro-Caribbean communities that came to the UK through similar channels of migration. Additionally, little work on ethnic accents of English has directly examined ethnic regional varieties of English (though cf. Wong and Hall-Lew, 2014; Wormald, 2016). The Iraqi community in the UK exhibits waves of migration, with different migration routes to different locations. This thesis explores the sociophonetic variation within forcibly displaced (refugees) and professional Iraqi- Arab migrants in London and Glasgow, who despite commonalities, are socioeconomically stratified. It focuses on the patterns of variation in the production of English laterals and positive voice onset time (VOT) of stops, which are produced differently in London and Glaswegian English as well as Iraqi Arabic (Al-Ani, 1970; Stuart-Smith, 2004; Wells, 1982b). Using a variationist sociolinguistic framework, 44 first-generation Iraqi Arab speakers, aged 40-70 and stratified by migration experience, dialect and gender, were recorded reading target words in a carrier phrase and completed an acculturation questionnaire. English positive VOT durations and laterals’ degree of clearness/darkness were measured and analysed acoustically. The effects of linguistic, macro- and micro-social factors on English stops’ VOT duration and F2-F1 Hz of the laterals were statistically analysed. Iraqi English variation was conditioned by regional dialect and migration experience. These factors also interact, and with gender, to affect VOT and lateral production patterns. Moreover, Iraqi speakers who reported integration attitudes and behaviour within and outwith the community showed monolingual-like production patterns, highlighting the importance of considering speakers’ identification and involvement with both their ethnic and national communities to better understand and interpret their sociolinguistic behaviour.15 0Item Restricted From The Other Side: A Critical Study Of Edward Steiner'S Approach To Twentieth-Century Immigration(Kent State University, 2023-04-20) Alsulobi, Najwa; M’Baye, BabacarThe dissertation focuses on neglected aspects of the history of immigration in the United States during the turn of the twentieth century. Reviving the writings of Edward Steiner, the dissertation also explores the representations of immigration in his fictional works, The Mediator: A Tale of the Old World and the New (1907) and The Broken Wall Stories of the Mingling Folk (1911) as well as his nonfiction book, On the Trail of the Immigrant (1906). In these works, Steiner interweaves his immigration experiences with those of his fellow immigrants. His first novel, The Mediator, shows that both the hybridity of religion and the combined role of ghettoization and other community structures in their hometown and New York’s Lower East Side shaped the experiences of Eastern European Jewish immigrants. Relatedly, Steiner’s short story collection, The Broken Wall, challenges assumptions about the turn-of-the-century immigrants’ reactions to assimilation. Exploring what Steiner termed as “mingling,” the second chapter of this dissertation demonstrates that he envisioned the incorporation of immigrants into mainstream America as an individual, selective process tailored to the immigrants’ choices and needs to adapt to their new home country. Examining On the Trail of the Immigrant, the third chapter contextualizes Steiner’s critiques of and experiences with the immigration journey. This chapter reflects on Steiner’s criticisms of the steamship lines’ handling of the third-class travelers (commonly referred to as steerage), the admission process at Ellis Island, and his counterattacks on the Immigration Restriction League. This chapter also shows that Steiner’s views of the turn of twentieth-century immigration lodged East European immigrants’ experiences in the heart of America’s race saga.37 0