Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted The Impact of Disability on Intimate Partner Violence Experienced by Saudi Married Women in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(The Catholic University of America, 2025) Khan, Hanady; Eileen A. Dombo, DirectorExperiencing a disability in human functioning and intimate partner violence (IPV) have both been recognized as critical impediments to the human well-being of women around the world, including the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). However, although some research exists on disability and IPV separately, no previous study has examined the connection between these two impediments in the KSA. This study investigates two research areas: (1) whether there is a significant association between the level of disability and IPV in adult Saudi married women in the KSA, receiving help from Family Protection Organizations (FPOs ), and (2) whether married women with disabilities (MWWD) compared to married women without disabilities (MWWOD), significantly differ in their level of IPV. Based on prior research, the study controls the possible influence of women’s and their husbands’ age, education, and household income. The study is supported by feminist theory, as women’s experiences with disability and IPV are culturally embedded in KSA’s struggles of marginalization of women. The study defines disability based on difficulties in human functioning related to physical components (with vision, hearing, cognition, communication, self-care, upper body function, and mobility), and emotional components (with anxiety and depression). This definition was developed by the Washington Group on disability statistics in the U.S. It has also been recognized internationally and used by the KSA to collect data on population disability levels in 2017. In the study, disability is operationally examined as a total summated score and as physical and emotional disability components. This study defines and examines IPV as consisting of four different forms of violence (emotional, physical, and sexual violence, and controlling behaviors) and total summated violence. The IPV behaviors are measured by a standardized questionnaire of the World Health Organization’s Violence Against Women Instrument (WHO VAWI) that has been used in KSA. Methodologically, the study applies a cross-sectional non-experimental correlational research design, with a purposive sample of 100 recruited Saudi-born adult (age 18 years or older) married women receiving services from one of three FPOs in Jeddah, KSA. The study research ethics were approved by the Institutional Review Board at The Catholic University of America. All data were anonymously provided through a structured paper and pencil survey questionnaire by consented adult Saudi married women at FPOs during 2024. The data were analyzed by the SPSS Version 28 statistical software. Descriptive results found that in the recruited sample, 50% of the adult Saudi women had disability (and of these, 70% had mild level and 30% moderate level disability). In addition, in the sample of 100 women, 57% reported mild IPV, 17% had moderate IPV, and 26% had severe to very severe IPV. Out of the four possible types of violence (emotional, physical, sexual, controlling behaviors), 38% of women had at least one type of IPV, and 62% had 2-4 types of IPV. The results of MRA revealed that women’s total disability difficulties significantly, positively, and strongly predicted their level of total IPV, showing that higher total disability scores were significantly correlated with higher scores of total IPV, explaining about 87 % variance in IPV. Binary LR revealed that MWWD were nearly twice as likely to experience moderate to severe IPV compared to MWWOD. Although some of the control variables were implicated in bivariate analyses, none significantly predicted IPV in multivariate analyses. Additionally, the two-factor MRA model of disability revealed that the physical disability total score was a much stronger predictor of IPV, as it accounted for around 74% of the total variance in IPV, whereas emotional disability accounted for only around 13% of total IPV variance; control variables had no effect. Further comparing the mean IPV by disability revealed that MWWD had a significantly higher mean of total IPV when compared to the mean of the total IPV in MWWOD. Similarly, MWWD also had significantly higher mean IPV scores for emotional, physical, and controlling behaviors of IPV when compared to such mean IPV scores of MWWOD. No such difference was found for sexual IPV comparison. Also, none of the control variables had any impact on these analyses. Findings from this study may allow social workers and human rights activists to become more knowledgeable about the challenges facing Saudi MWWD with IPV, as such knowledge may help to establish more effective interventions and protection policies in KSA and create directions for future research. Study limitations and additional practice and policy implications are discussed.62 0Item Restricted A Translation and Critical Analysis of “The Yellow Wallpaper”(The University of Manchester, 2024) Alanazi, Lama; Strowe, AnnaThis dissertation comprises an Arabic adaptation and an analysis of the short story “The Yellow Wallpaper”. The story portrays the descent into madness of an unnamed woman confined by her doctor-husband in an attic nursery as part of a “rest cure” for a “nervous disease”, which later appears to be postpartum depression. The story takes place in the nineteenth century, a period where women’s roles and careers were largely defined by their social, cultural, and regional backgrounds in the United States. Considering the difference between this modern period and the 19th century period, the difference between the Arab and Western cultures, as well as the different issues women are encountering compared to that period, this story is adapted to fit the target audience which is Arab women. This adaptation focuses on incorporating the evil eye concept which is exploited in Arab countered to downplay women’s mental issues. It also replaces the rest cure treatment with traditional treatments to treat symptoms of the evil eye. The critical analysis is structured into two chapters. The first chapter provides background context and information about the source text, including its historical and cultural significance. The second chapter focuses on the analysis of the adaptation, beginning with a discussion of the differences between Arab and Western feminism, which are crucial to consider in the adaptation process. This chapter then examines the challenges of adapting “The Yellow Wallpaper” through a feminist lens, particularly in transforming key elements—such as characters, names, themes, and symbols—into ones that resonate with Arab audiences and align with their cultural and social realities.48 0Item Restricted MEASURING THE USE OF LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (LMS) IN TEACHING ENGLISH LANGUAGE AMONG TEACHERS IN SAUDI ARABIAN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES(Saudi Digital Library, 2022-06-08) Alsaaid, Adeem; Abd Razak, Norizan; Wahi, WahizaNumerous studies have shown the necessity for learning management systems (LMS) for teachers in various locations around the world in recent times. Instructors dominate the learning process in the Saudi education system, and students look to them as their primary source of information. Thus, in order to have a profound understanding, this study used two approaches: the quantitative approach used the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), to examine the major factors (Performance Expectancy; Effort Expectancy; Social Influence; and Facilitating Condition) affecting the adoption of e-learning systems and the differences in gender roles among university instructors. Also, this study applied the qualitative approach in order to triangulate and verify the findings. In terms of the data collection, in the quantitative approach, a self-administered questionnaire was used, and data were obtained from 190 English instructors from 28 Saudi Arabian public colleges. For the qualitative section of the study, an interview based on semi structure was conducted. The interview was guided by interview protocol (interview guide), thus 14 informants were interviewed. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) (quantitative) and thematic analysis (qualitative) were used to evaluate the proposed research. So, the results of this study showed that performance expectancy and social influence are significant predictors in influencing instructors’ behavioural intention (BI) to use a blackboard system (BBS), whereas effort expectancy facilitating conditions showed insignificant results with behavioural intention (BI). Subsequently, behavioural intention (BI) was significantly related to actual user behaviour. This study also examined gender as a moderator in the relation of behavioural intention (BI) to use the blackboard system (BBS) and actual usage behaviour of (BBS). Therefore, the results revealed that the interaction effect of ‘Gender’ was significantly moderate to the relationship between (BI) to use (BBS) and actual usage behaviour of blackboard system (BBS), which was stronger for females compared to males. In addition, from the qualitative data, the study further concluded that the best practice of teaching foreign languages such as English in Saudi Arabia lies in the three modes of teaching. These modes of teaching include; the traditional method (face-to-face), the online method, and the group discussion. As shown in the qualitative analysis that for better teaching and learning for the student, teachers should adopt the online mode available to them. Concerning technology in teaching foreign languages, it is concluded that most teachers in Saudi prefer to use the old method than the new method (online). This is due to its technical problem, high cost, and lack of adaptation by the teachers. The study further concluded that only through the use of technology in education gender segregation can be minimised in a country such as Saudi. Therefore, technology can play a vital role in minimising gender segregation in education. Thus, the model of this study has provided theoretical contributions by filling in gaps and offering accurate information followed up by conclusive evidence. This technique can also be used by universities to boost job performance, maintain instructors with high potential and talent in Saudi Arabia, and strengthen instructors' perceptions of (LMS).29 0