Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE (GREEN) FINANCE IN THE GCC: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF THE ESG AND FINANCIAL SECTORS IN SAUDI ARABIA, QATAR, AND UAE(Brunel University London, 2024-09) Alangri, Norah; Andreadakis, SteliosThis dissertation explores the context of sustainable (green) finance in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) by examining the role of ESG and financial sectors in three GCC countries, including Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and the UAE. Given the rise of the significance of the ESG and financial sectors, the dissertation selected those three countries for their high capital in their financial sectors, including central banks, capital market authorities, Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWF), and some of their green banks. While the dissertation presented the transformation from Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) in the first chapter, it then focused on sustainable finance and economic diversification to lay the background for the findings. In the third and last chapter, the dissertation details the ESG and financial sectors in Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the UAE. The findings indicate the growing significance of the ESG, especially in encouragement by central banks and requirements in capital market authorities, and its adoption in SWFs and some banking institutions focused on green strategy. The ESG and sustainable finances appeared to be tools in investments; however, while Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and the UAE have similar orientations in this regard, they are independent in this financial policy with some intention to offer a collective approach.27 0Item Restricted Essays on Sustainable Growth and Development in GCC Countries(Howard University, 2024-06-28) Alamri, Aisha; Kato, MikaThis article analyzes the effects of natural resources and location determinants on foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC) using panel data from 2000–2022. Using oil production, oil reserves, and oil production in relation to oil reserves as a means to measure natural resources, I determine fixed effect (FE) and random effect (RE) analyses based on the Hausman test. This study concluded that oil production, and oil production relative to oil reserves discouraged FDI in GCC countries. Furthermore, the study concludes that there is a positive relationship between oil prices, infrastructure, and FDI, while human capital has no influence on FDI.40 0Item Restricted Developing Smart Cities in Saudi Arabia. promoting innovation and evaluating smart initiatives. The case study of Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia.(University of Aberdeen, 2024-06-24) Almaghrbi, Rayan; Philip, Lorna; Beecroft, MarkTo date, the main focus of Smart City development has been in North America and Western Europe. The development of Smart Cities in other geographies has received more limited attention. This study seeks to help address this imbalance by focusing on the development of Smart Cities in the context of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, with a focus on Saudi Arabia and the city of Jeddah in particular. By focusing upon a single city case study, the research explores how related Smart City technologies are being used, seeks to understand the implications these have for planning policies and municipal activities, and elicits information from the public about their views of Smart City developments. The study aims to contribute to the emerging literature on Smart City development, paying particular attention to the currently understudied area of how such approaches will be impacted by and have impacts upon current and emerging policy drivers in Saudi Arabia, such as Saudi Vision 2030. Primary data collection was undertaken in two distinct phases. Firstly, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a range of national and municipal-level stakeholders representing public and private sector interests. Secondly, a questionnaire survey, administered online, elicited attitudes and opinions about Smart Cities and their development in Saudi Arabia from a sample of the city of Jeddah’s resident population. The study revealed that Jeddah's smart practices show a real commitment to Smart Cities concept. Significant attention has been given to smart initiatives in relation to governance, environment, living, and economy, but smart mobility and community participation require more work. The study concluded with a list of recommendations designed to provide guidance for Jeddah's promotion towards becoming a Smart City. These recommendations can be extended to other Saudi and GCC cities.19 0Item Restricted Beyond Bonds: Unlocking Sukuk's Potential in Hedge Fund Portfolios Amidst Market Volatility, an ARCH and GARCH Models Analysis(King's College London, 2023-09-14) Ajaj, Mohammed; Papailias, FotisThe global financial ecosystem, which is fraught with economic uncertainty and turbulent bear markets, drives hedge funds to seek for alternative investment opportunities that promise stability and substantial returns. In this context, the potential of Sukuk, an Islamic alternative to conventional Bonds, is examined in comparison to Bonds, particularly during bear markets. Despite abundant research on Sukuk and conventional Bonds, a quantitative comparison analysis, particularly one focusing on GCC Sukuk, remains relatively unexplored. This work fills this need by modelling the financial time series of these instruments using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARCH) and its generalized counterparts (GARCH & EGARCH). Preliminary findings indicate that Sukuk, due to their asset-backed nature, demonstrate exceptional resilience during economic downturns. Because of their low market sensitivity, Sukuk have the ability to diversify hedge fund portfolios, according to the CAPM model research. In addition, the GARCH and EGARCH models revealed a divergence in volatility patterns between Sukuk and Bonds between 2020 and 2023, emphasizing Sukuk's resilience to negative shocks. To summarize, while Sukuk looks to offer various advantages over conventional Bonds, particularly in bear markets, financial practitioners are recommended to take a balanced approach, always re-evaluating their investment strategies in the ever-changing finance landscape.10 0Item Restricted Foreign capital investment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: How has legislation been formulated over the years to cater to foreign capital investment? How do Saudi and EU laws compare in terms of trade and capital investment?(Saudi Digital Library, 2023) Albeladi, Semood Hussain; Kenny, MelAs a developing nation, Saudi Arabia presents foreign investors with numerous business opportunities. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is an essential component of both the national and global economies. Saudi Arabia is desperate to open its market to an unlimited number of participants, who will undoubtedly contribute to the economy and business environment. In this research, the Saudi local market will be analyzed from various angles, and its characteristics are outlined. Throughout this work, numerous definitions, and explanations of FDI in Saudi Arabia will be provided. Key advantages, sectors, and characteristics of the Saudi Markets were outlined. It will also explain the development of legislation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to be compatible with foreign investment. On the other hand, how Saudi laws and European Union laws compare in terms of trade and capital investment. The Ministry of Investment of Saudi Arabia, which is the legal authority responsible for facilitating these investments, is the starting point for investors seeking more information. This might demonstrate the potential and benefits of Saudi FDI opportunities. Consequently, there are several strong indications of outstanding opportunities to increase the business's profitability. Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Saudi Arabia still offers a vast opportunity to conduct a variety of businesses and invest in emerging industries.20 0Item Restricted Regulatory Framework of Investment Legal Regime in the Arab Gulf Region(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-09-01) Alhudaithy, Khaled Mohammed; Ortino, FedericoSignificantly relying on a singular finite source of energy as the primary source of income can be momentarily beneficial yet detrimental on the long run. This research aims to explore and compare how two neighboring with similar economies states have utilized their positions and shaped their regulatory framework for investments legal regime to curtail for foreign investors needs to ultimately diversify its economies.43 0Item Restricted You're Not Alone: the Intersection between Technology and Domestic Violence in the GCC(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-11-13) Alsugair, Lulu Hamed S; Parmanand, SharmilaThe purpose of this project is to explore how technology and domestic violence are framed in relation to each other and what the current contexts are in which they are found within the states of the Gulf Corporation Council (GCC). Situating my research in the case study of a domestic violence organisation in Bahrain, hereafter known as “Organisation X”. I want to analyse the potentials, risks, and implications that arise from integrating technology as a lifeline for domestic violence survivors. The research aims to highlight how the push to use technology, more specifically, mobile applications, addresses the issues of domestic violence in terms of the survivor’s decision to get help and access to services and support. Furthermore, it explores how technology transformed its role as a facilitator, threat, and lifeline for domestic violence survivors. Additionally, I deployed the use of semi-structured interviews with key staff members in Organisation X, which were analysed through critical discourse analysis, thematic analysis, and the approach of the critical friend to understand the culture that contributed to the transition from a physical mobile helpline to an app. The findings from the interviews in relation to the intersection between technology and domestic violence were that technology expands the scope and scale of services that can be accessed by survivors of domestic violence, however, the extent to which these services will retain the same efficiency, quality, and longevity as those provided by locally based service providers and the state infrastructure is yet to be determined.21 0Item Restricted Patients in KSA preference for emergency department visitation to general practitioner services and what advanced practice nurses could do to encourage patients to make the best choice(Saudi Digital Library, 2022-09-30) Alghatani, Fawziah; Roberts, Sara LisabethBackground: Emergency care services support the management of the emergent and non-urgent conditions. Advance Practice Nurses are an integral part of handling GP services and delivering care in Saudi Arabia. The GP services have reformed over time worldwide to anchor the delivery of quality and prompt care to citizens and visitors. Aim and Objectives: To conduct a systematic review that will explore emergency department visitations and general practitioner services in Saudi Arabia; To establish the preference for emergency department visitation to the general practitioner services among patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; To delineate what advanced practice nurses could do to inspire patients to choose between general practitioner and emergency department visitation. Methodology: A systematic review approach was used to answer the research question. A search was conducted on PubMed, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library and PRISMA Flow Chart used to select 10 studies that met the eligibility criteria. A thorough quality assessment by using the ROBINS-I tool while data extraction done, and findings generated the key themes. Results: The key themes from the synthesis of the ten studies were preference for EDs, preference for primary or GP services, the key factors behind the preference for ED visits to GP Services, and role of APNs in the preference for GPs or EDs. The quality-of-care guarantees response to the urgent and non-urgent cases. On the other hand, the availability and accessibility of care in the EDs in Saudi explain their preference by the patients to the GPs. The organizational factors were of quick medical care, easy access, discounts, unavailability of the appointments in GPs shaped their demand. GPs offer continuous relationship, cost-effective, and treatment, which discourages ED care accessibility and visitation due to overcrowding and limited resources. Comparatively, personal factors of knowledge, attitudes, medical conditions, and age influence preference for EDs to GPs for urgent as well as non-urgent conditions. Conclusion and Recommendations: Patients prefer ED visitation to the GP services in KSA. APNs should champion the enhancement of services in the primary care units to reduce overutilization of ED. Future research could explore the primary factors besides quality of care or continuous relationship.5 0Item Restricted The Common VAT Agreement of the states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s VAT Law(2023) Hemid, Abdulaziz; Olowofoyeku, AbimbolaThis thesis examines the Common VAT Agreement of the States of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and the implementation of its provisions in the Saudi VAT Law. It proceeds by examining the emergence and ongoing implementation of the GCC’s cross-border VAT collection and enforcement regime to assess its possibilities and limitations. The central argument is that the GCC’s VAT regime is unsustainable due to the absence of common and effective mechanisms of treaty interpretation, coordination, and enforcement at both the regional and domestic levels. The term sustainable is used in this discussion to mean able to endure and to stand the test of time.37 0