Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted A Linguistic and Discursive Analysis of the Humour in Arabic Novels Written in Vernacular: Examples of E-Arabic Genre(University of Birmingham, 2024-04) AlShangity, Ali; Daoudi, AnissaThe primary objective of this research is to analyse the linguistic aspects of humour and satire in a new literary genre, known as e-Arabic literature. The research focuses on the emergence of this distinctive literary genre, emerging from Information Technology (IT) use in what is recognised as Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) and how it has been impacting Arab culture in general and literary scene, in particular. Satire and humour are one specificity of this genre, and this research aims to situate this new genre as one of the subfields of humour in Arabic literature. This study makes a contribution to theories about humour and adds e-Arabic literature, as a new genre which belongs to the global area of CMC and highlight a new variety in Arabic, known as e-Arabic. Furthermore, this study clarifies and analyses the development of the satirical writing style and the use of humour as means by which Arab writers cultivate an awareness of social and political issues within their cultures. In addition, it examines the significance and function of rhetorical questions, interrogative phrases, and punctuation marks in constructing a humorous and satirical writing style that is both original and creative. The current study seeks to investigate the utilisation of satire in e-Arabic literature, as a genre that uses a hybrid language and mixes in styles to create humorous effects, adding to Arabic literature a new variety. Moreover, this research reveals the underlying factors that contribute to the extensive popularity of political satire in e-Arabic literature and its impact on societal transformation. The predominant Arabic literature in this study originates from authors hailing from Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Syria. The data for this research is collected from novels that exemplify the e-Arabic genre. These novels are written in several Arabic regional dialects, such as Egyptian, Najdi, Hijazi and Syrian. Due to the great dissemination of Egyptian media, the Egyptian dialect has emerged as the most prevalent used vernacular. The data collected revealed that Arabic novels written in vernacular language have ample evidence of the utilisation of satirical and humorous discourse. A thorough understanding of comedy’s intended purpose serves as the driving force behind this. The humour in each piece is associated with a criticism of religious institutions, politics, and political systems. The writers of these novels utilise many linguistic features, including lexical aspects, and purposefully depart from traditional norms in order to educate readers. The data demonstrates the excessive use of linguistic tactics based on juxtaposition, contradiction, and implausibility as linguistic devices to generate humour and construct a satirical framework for criticism.12 0Item Restricted Multimodality in Saudi Arabian COVID-19 Cartoons: A Thematic and Humour Analysis(University of Leeds, 2024-05-01) Almohissen, Ahlam; Adami, Elisabetta; Elfarahaty, Hanem; Thurston, Timothy; Watson, JanetThe present study investigates how the COVID-19 pandemic was portrayed in Saudi cartoons and how humour around it was created. The Youm7 website was employed as a data source. A total of 212 multimodal cartoons were collected between December 2019 (the date on which COVID-19 was announced to the world) and March 2021 (the date when Saudi Arabia lifted all the restrictions related to the pandemic). These cartoons underwent two different types of analysis and resampling to address the two primary aims specified above. In addressing the pandemic’s portrayal in the cartoons, content analysis and multimodal analysis were employed to deduce the thematic presentation and participants' representation of the COVID-19 pandemic. Concerning humour creation, adapting and adopting Yus’ (2016, 2021) incongruity-resolution classification along with humour forms (Dynel, 2009; Alsadi & Howard, 2021) was applied with a more stratified sample involving 61 cartoons. The findings reveal ten main themes with their sub-themes. These are virus transmission rate, the emotional and physical consequences of COVID-19, the impact on education and work, vaccine rollout, lockdown, international political discourse, public protection, the change in social relations, the impact on travel and tourism, as well as the economic impact of COVID-19. Moreover, these themes show some similarities and differences with existing research in relation to phases of the pandemic. On the other hand, the deduced sub-themes depend more on the Saudi phases, government actions, and people's reactions. The findings also present five main subjects: COVID-19, earth, Saudi men and women, Saudi authorities, and international countries and governments. The representation of the participants varies multimodally in relation to the four phases of the pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Regarding the humour creation, the results show that the three Yus’ (2021) incongruities (frame-based, writing-image and writing-based) and resolutions (implication-based, frame-based, and writing-based) are presented in the data. However, the findings show the addition of a fourth classification (image-based) along with the three presented classifications to be applicable to cartoons, resulting in 15 common taxonomies. Moreover, eight humour forms were identified: joke, putdown, pun, irony, exaggeration, metaphor, metonymy, and comparison. These humour forms are mostly shown to occur multimodally, but they also sometimes occur in image or in writing mode alone. The relationship between humour forms and incongruity was found to be mostly dependent on the shared mode. The representation of humour, in general, is found to be based on three factors: the cartoonists’ interest, linguistic knowledge and cultural knowledge. This study contributes to understanding the history of Saudi Arabia during the pandemic (2020-2021). Moreover, the study contributes to the growth of multimodality by showing its essence in deducing the thematic presentation and the creation of humour. It also contributes to the field of humour, specifically making a methodological contribution by introducing an adaptation of Yus' (2021) incongruity-resolution theoretical approach, as this represents the first application of the approach to cartoons. Overall, the combination of humour and multimodality contributes to the shifting tendency from focusing on pure linguistics to multimodal communication.21 0Item Restricted A Subtitling and Critical Analysis of an Episode from the TV Show Keeping Up Appearances(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-11-30) Alrashid, Abdullah; Mizori, HassanThis dissertation discusses the subtitling of an episode of the British sitcom Keeping Up Appearances, accompanied by a critical analysis of the translation from English to Arabic. The show revolves around a character called Hyacinth, a controlling and fastidious woman who tries in many ways to show that she is one of the higher-class members. Due to her unbearable personality, her neighbours dislike her, and do their best to avoid her. These incidents are comically presented to the audience. The translation brief in this dissertation comprises a hypothetical scenario, as the commissioner is Saudi Arabia’s Thikrayat (“Memories” in English) TV channel, which announced that starting in 2024, it will broadcast classic English TV shows for two hours per day. The analysis is divided into two chapters. Chapter One addresses humour and the challenges of translating it. Some translation techniques for rendering humour are presented with examples from the translation project. Finally, this chapter proves what scholars have argued that humour can be rendered into another language even if linguistic and cultural differences exist from the examples of the translation project. Chapter Two discusses the challenges of translation between cultural differences. It starts by explaining what culture is, how culture affects translation and the importance of understanding both the source and target cultures when translating for the target audience. Also discussed, the degree to which the translator should domesticate the source culture or present it as it is and the challenges posed by this issue. Several strategies for handling the challenges in rendering cultural differences are offered, followed by examples from the project that demonstrate the use of these strategies.9 0Item Restricted A Subtitling and Critical Analysis of an Episode from the TV Show Keeping Up Appearances(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-11-30) Alrashid, Abdullah; Mizori, HassanThis dissertation discusses the subtitling of an episode of the British sitcom Keeping Up Appearances, accompanied by a critical analysis of the translation from English to Arabic. The show revolves around a character called Hyacinth, a controlling and fastidious woman who tries in many ways to show that she is one of the higher-class members. Due to her unbearable personality, her neighbours dislike her, and do their best to avoid her. These incidents are comically presented to the audience. The translation brief in this dissertation comprises a hypothetical scenario, as the commissioner is Saudi Arabia’s Thikrayat (“Memories” in English) TV channel, which announced that starting in 2024, it will broadcast classic English TV shows for two hours per day. The analysis is divided into two chapters. Chapter One addresses humour and the challenges of translating it. Some translation techniques for rendering humour are presented with examples from the translation project. Finally, this chapter proves what scholars have argued that humour can be rendered into another language even if linguistic and cultural differences exist from the examples of the translation project. Chapter Two discusses the challenges of translation between cultural differences. It starts by explaining what culture is, how culture affects translation and the importance of understanding both the source and target cultures when translating for the target audience. Also discussed, the degree to which the translator should domesticate the source culture or present it as it is and the challenges posed by this issue. Several strategies for handling the challenges in rendering cultural differences are offered, followed by examples from the project that demonstrate the use of these strategies.45 0