Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Emotional Intelligence Contributions and its Relation with Job Performance, Burnout among Nurses at king Khalid Civilian Hospital, Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) alenazi, ayman; Sleem, Wafaa FathiEmotional intelligence (EI) plays a crucial role in the nursing profession, It represents a critical asset for nurses, contributing significantly to both job performance and the prevention of burnout. Aim: Tо assess emotional intelligence contributions and it's relation with job performance, burnout among nurses at King Khalid Civilian Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Method: A descriptive correlational design was used to achieve the aim of the study. The study included convenience sample of available staff nurses (n=133) working at all inpatient units during the time of data collection. Three tools were used to collect the data namely; Emotional Intelligence Scale, Observation Checklist Performance and Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: the majority (88.7%) of studied nurses had high level of emotional intelligence contributions, the majority (93.2%) ofthem had excellent hob performance. In addition, the majority (94.7%) of studied nurses had low level of burnout, total emotional intelligence had statistically positive significant relation with total job performance, total emotional intelligence had statistically negative significant relation with burnout. Conclusion: El contributions improve the job performance of nurses and decrease nurse's burnout at King Khalid Civilian Hospital. Recommendations: Implementing regular self-reflection practices, such as journaling or mindfulness exercises, organizing training sessions focused on emotional intelligence skills, pursuing additional training and certifications to enhance your skills and knowledge, which can lead to improved confidence and job performance, conducting a comparative study of emotional intelligence levels among nurses in different specialties and its correlation with job performance and burnout.14 0Item Restricted THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN QUALITY OF WORK LIFE AND HEALTH BEHAVIOUR AMONG NURSES IN HOSPITALS OF SAUDI ARABIA(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Enezi, Anwar Saud; Afaneh, TareqThis study examined the association between Quality of Work Life (QWL) and Health Behaviors (HBs) among nurses working in hospitals in Saudi Arabia’s Northern Border Region. A descriptive, cross-sectional correlational design was used with a sample of 170 registered nurses. Data were collected using the Quality of Nursing Work Life (QNWL) Scale and the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI). Results revealed a good level of QWL (M=188.97, SD=7.48) and HBs (M=43.85, SD=6.28), with a significant association between them (r=-.623, p<.001). The findings highlight the need for workplace wellness programs addressing workload, shift design, and institutional support to promote nurses’ health and retention.25 0Item Restricted Nurses’ Competency in the Provision of Diabetes Self-Management Education to Hospitalised Patients in Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Algharash, Hassan; Lynette, Cusack; Rebecca, MuntDiabetes is a significant chronic condition, and one of the ten most common causes of mortality globally. The population of Saudi Arabia has a high rate of diabetes, placing an enormous burden on the healthcare system. Therefore, when the Saudi Arabian government launched the 2030 Vision, one of the main components was to improve the quality of life of people with diabetes. People with diabetes need to self-manage their chronic condition by maintaining their blood glucose levels within a target range to reduce the risk of developing diabetes-related complications. Therefore, it is essential that they receive diabetes self- management education. Nurses in acute care settings, such as medical and surgical wards, are in a position to provide opportunistic diabetes self-management education to inpatients with diabetes. Specialist diabetes educators are not available to inpatients in many hospitals within Saudi Arabia. Therefore, nurses in hospitals must be competent in both diabetes management and patient education to enhance patients’ quality of life. The aim of this study was to understand the attitudes, knowledge and skills of nurses working in Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health hospitals to undertake diabetes self-management education for inpatients, and the facilitators and/or barriers to providing diabetes self- management education to inpatients. The competency in delivering health and patient education framework was employed to guide the study. This framework brings together nurses’ knowledge, skills and attitudes in both their management of diabetes and in delivering patient education. A sequential explanatory mixed- methods design was utilised where quantitative data were collected and analysed first, informing the qualitative data collection and analysis. In the first phase, a paper-based questionnaire was distributed to nurses working in medical and surgical wards in four Saudi Arabian hospitals, attracting 157 responses. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. In the second phase, 12 nurses participated in semi- structured interviews. The qualitative data were analysed using inductive content analysis. The results from both phases were then integrated using a joint display approach. The survey results focused on diabetes management revealed that nurse respondents have outdated knowledge and skills. However, nurse respondents indicated they felt confident and had a positive attitude towards managing inpatients with diabetes. The study also found nurse respondents had a good understanding of and a positive attitude towards inpatient education. In the qualitative phase three main categories were identified: 1) barriers to providing inpatient education, 2) barriers to acquiring diabetes management knowledge, and 3) enablers of providing diabetes self-management education. Data integration highlighted that there are significant environmental factors that are barriers to nurses providing diabetes self-management education to inpatients, such as lack of access to continuing professional development, limited time, an absence of higher management support and lack of patient education resources. To ensure nursing care aligns with the 2030 Vision, nursing leaders must be proactive to address the suboptimal diabetes knowledge and skills, and the environmental barriers to providing effective patient education. Without addressing the current barriers, the quality of care of patients with diabetes will continue to be compromised.42 0Item Restricted THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FACIAL EMOTION RECOGNITION ABILITY AND SAUDI NURSES' PROFESSIONAL SELF-CONCEPT: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Alruwaili, Ishraq Khurais Dhafi; Alsaqer, KhitamBackground: Facial emotion recognition (FER) is a crucial component of emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness in healthcare. Professional self-concept (PSC), representing a nurses' perception of their professional identity and competence, significantly impacts job satisfaction, resilience, and leadership behavior. Aim: To examine the relationship between facial emotion recognition ability and professional self-concept among Saudi nurses. XII Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in two governmental hospitals in Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia. A convenience sample of 177 nurse completed an online questionnaire. FER ability was measured using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), and PSC was assessed using the Nurses' Self-Concept Questionnaire (NSCQ). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27, including descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and Simple linear regression analysis. Results: The results of the study showed a relatively high level of facial emotion recognition ability with a total score of (24.43). The level of professional self- concept among nurse was moderate and tended to increase with a total score of (192.59). The results showed a positive and statistically significant relationship between facial emotion recognition ability and nurse professional self-concept at a statistical significance level of 0.001. Finally, results of the study showed that facial emotion recognition ability is the only predictor of nurses’ awareness of Professional Self-Concept at the statistical significance level (0.001). The analysis shows that among the factors studied, only gender and facial emotion recognition ability were significant predictors of professional self-concept for Saudi nurses. XIII Conclusion: The study revealed a significant positive relationship between facial emotion recognition ability and professional self-concept among nurses in government hospitals in northern Saudi Arabia. Facial emotion recognition emerged as the strongest predictor of professional self-concept. Keywords: Facial emotion recognition, Self-concept, Nurses, Emotion, Saudi Arabia15 0Item Restricted THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEIVED WORKPLACE GOSSIP AND COGNITIVE DISSONANCE AMONG NURSES IN SAUDI ARABIA(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) Alruwaili, Latifah Munayzil Hurayth; Afaneh, TareqWorkplace gossip is a common psychosocial stressor in nursing that can undermine professional ethics, teamwork, and emotional well-being. In hierarchical and multicultural environments such as Saudi governmental hospitals, gossip may trigger cognitive dissonance, a psychological conflict between values and social interactions. This study aimed to examine the relationship between perceived workplace gossip and cognitive dissonance among nurses in northern Saudi Arabia. A descriptive cross-sectional correlational design was conducted with 167 Saudi nurses using convenience sampling. Data were collected through an online self-administered survey including the Workplace Gossip Scale (WGS), the Cognitive Dissonance Scale (CDS), and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analyses were performed using SPSS v26. Results showed moderate to high levels of both gossip and cognitive dissonance. Significant positive correlations were found, with workplace gossip predicting 23.2% of the variance in cognitive dissonance. The findings suggest that addressing gossip through ethical leadership, open communication, and resilience training is essential to support nurse well-being and improve healthcare quality.39 0Item Restricted NURSING INFORMATICS COMPETENCY AND EFFECTIVE CLINICAL DECISION-MAKING AMONG NURSES IN SAUDI ARABIA(Saudi Digital Library, 2025) ALRUWAILI, SABIRIN; Al Osta, MohammadABSTRACT Introduction: Clinical Decision-Making (CDM) is among the essential skills in the nursing profession that affect the outcomes of provided care. Nurses utilize various resources to achieve optimal care outcomes, including nursing informatics tools and skills, where nurses’ competencies play a vital role. Aim: To examine the relationship between nursing informatics competency and the levels of clinical decision-making skills among nurses in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A descriptive correlational design with convenience sampling methods was used to conduct the current study. A self-report questionnaire that consists of questions about demographic characteristics, the Nursing Informatics Competency Assessment Tool (NICAT), and the Clinical Decision-Making in Nursing Scale (CDMNS). Data were collected between May and July 2024 using online Google Forms from registered nurses at three governmental hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Results: 160 registered nurses participated in the study. The results show that nurses in Saudi Arabia were “proficient” in their nursing informatics competencies with total scale average (M=110.5, SD ±24.3), and have a perceived “medium” level in their effective clinical decision-making with total average score (148.6, SD ±32.0). Moreover, there was a statistically significant strong linear relationship between nursing informatics competency and perceived levels of clinical decision-making (r=.734, p<.001). However, nursing informatics competency was the sole statistically significant predictor (β=0.7, p<.001) of their perceived level of clinical decision-making. Conclusion and Implications: The study presented the critical role of nursing informatics competency in clinical decision-making among nurses. The results highlight to the healthcare stakeholders and nursing management the importance of investing in targeted informatics training and the integration of nursing informatics clinical decision support tools into the clinical nursing practice. Moreover, the findings encourage researchers to explore additional factors influencing clinical decision-making through longitudinal and qualitative research methods to gain a deeper understanding of this complex process.95 0Item Restricted Linking Transformational Leadership to Patient Care Quality: The Role of Structural Empowerment and Nurses’ Clinical Leadership(Queen's University Belfast, 2025-06) Alanazi, Abdulaziz; Clare, McKeaveney; Susan, Clarke; Marian, TraynorBackground: Effective leadership is critical in driving and motivating registered nurses to provide high-quality patient care. Various researchers have established a link between effective transformational leadership in nursing and improved patient care outcomes, but it is unknown how this association is affected. Therefore, further research is needed to elucidate this mechanism of action. Aim: To examine the relationships between transformational leadership, structural empowerment, registered nurses’ clinical leadership, and patient care outcomes as perceived by registered nurses. Methods: This quantitative study used a cross-sectional, correlational design. It was conducted in a government tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, using cluster random sampling stratified by the nationality and gender of four subgroups of head nurses: Filipino (n=9), Indian (n=4), Saudi (n=12), and Jordanian (n=3). A total of 1,038 registered nurses were selected in clusters under each head nurse and were invited to participate. The study variables were assessed using the following instruments: 20-item Multifactor Leadership, 12-item Conditions of Work Effectiveness II, 15-item Clinical Leadership Survey, number and frequency of self-reported patient adverse events, and quality of nursing care. Data was analysed using SPSS Statistics for descriptive and multilevel analysis, and R for performing multilevel Structural Equation Modelling (MSEM). The study obtained ethical approval from both Queen’s University Belfast and King Saud Medical City. Results: A total of 664 surveys (response rate=70%) were analysed. The majority of registered nurse respondents were female (95%). The highest proportion of respondents were Indian (42.5%) and worked in critical care areas (36.3%). Most respondents were aged 30–35 years old (38.4%). The highest proportions of head nurses were female (67.9%) and Saudi (42.8%). The majority of respondents (52.7%) reported that their head nurses were frequently accessible, approachable, and visible in the clinical area. Overall, registered nurses reported high levels of transformational leadership (mean=3.01, SD=0.82), increased structural empowerment (mean=3.70/5, SD=0.73), high levels of clinical leadership (mean=4.07, SD=0.64), decreased patient adverse events (mean=1.47, SD=0.52), and a high quality of nursing care (mean=3.12/5, SD=0.51). Multilevel analysis showed a significantly positive association between transformational leadership and structural empowerment (β = 0.56, p < 0.001). Additionally, structural empowerment was positively associated with clinical leadership among registered nurses (β = 0.52, p < 0.001). Clinical leadership was positively linked to quality of patient care (β = 0.32, p < 0.001) and negatively associated with self-reported patient adverse events (β = −0.15, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis indicated a significant indirect effect of transformational leadership on clinical leadership through structural empowerment (B = 0.344, p < 0.001). Structural empowerment also had a significant indirect effect on self-reported patient adverse events through clinical leadership (B = −0.037, p = 0.003), and on quality of patient care through clinical leadership (B = 0.147, p < 0.001). Serial mediation showed a significant negative indirect effect of transformational leadership on self-reported patient adverse events through structural empowerment and clinical leadership (B = −0.044, p = 0.001), and a positive indirect effect of transformational leadership on quality of patient care through structural empowerment and clinical leadership (B = 0.101, p < 0.001). Ethnicity had a significant effect on transformational leadership (p=0.03) and the specialty unit of the head nurse played a notable role in shaping these perceptions across structural empowerment, clinical leadership, and quality of nursing care perceptions. The MSEM analysis showed a good model fit, supporting the hypothesised relationships between variables (CFI=.95, TLI=.95, RMSEA=.04, and SRMR=.06). These findings indicate that the model's constructs and their interrelationships align well with the collected data, supporting the study's conclusions. Conclusion: The study findings provided evidence of head nurses’ use of transformational leadership in creating an empowered nursing work structure and developing clinical leadership in registered nurses that promotes the overall quality of patient care by decreasing patient adverse events and delivering high-quality nursing care. Additionally, the research underscored the importance of recognising and addressing the influences of confounding variables, including gender, ethnicity, and specialty units. These factors shaped the dynamics between transformational leadership, structural empowerment, clinical leadership, and patient care outcomes. Healthcare organisations are thus encouraged to attentively confront these variables to promote more effective, inclusive, and equitable leadership practices. Such an inclusive approach is essential in empowering registered nurses to develop robust clinical leadership skills, enhancing their capacity to deliver superior patient care. Grounded in a cross-sectional design, this study offers an empirically based understanding of how transformational leadership functions in diverse nursing environments, providing a detailed and context-sensitive contribution to contemporary leadership practices and healthcare policy.28 0Item Restricted Life journey with a chronic illness: Exploring the lived experience of older chronic illness patients while interacting with the primary health care services in Ha'il City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(University of Tasmania, 2025) Albarrak, Talal; Crisp, Elaine; Andrews, Sharon; Foran, PaulaAccording to the World Health Organization, improvement in life expectancy, which is attributed to advancements made in the health sector in the 20th century, directly impacts public health and economic systems. Technological advancement in the health sector has enabled older people to perform many activities in their daily lives. However, this demographic shift has also posed some problems, such as the rising prevalence of chronic diseases and the increased costs of healthcare for families and governments. The older population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is mainly affected by chronic diseases. It burdens the healthcare system, especially in the Primary Health Care Centres (PHCCs). PHCCs are the first point of care for these patients and attend to more than 15 million citizens every year in KSA. Although primary, secondary, tertiary, and referral healthcare services are available for the public in KSA, PHCCs still need help with patient satisfaction due to the lack of proper infrastructure and integrated services. This qualitative research employs Max van Manen's hermeneutical phenomenological framework to understand the lived experiences of older people with chronic illness as they interact with PHCCs for their regular health care relating to their illness. The research design is iterative, allowing for dynamic interaction between the researcher and data through six sequential yet iterative steps: engaging with the phenomenon, collecting data through investigating life experiences, reflecting on essential themes, describing the phenomenon through writing and rewriting, maintaining a strong relation to the phenomenon, and balancing the study context. Data was collected via semi-structured telephone interviews, adapted for COVID-19 safety protocols, with older people selected from accessible and representative PHCCs. Ten participants were chosen using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure relevance and depth. The research blends the strengths of descriptive and interpretative phenomenology, rooted in Edmund Husserl's and Martin Heidegger's philosophical traditions, which emphasise the detailed description and interpretation of human experiences and meanings, and recognise these experiences as situated within specific historical and cultural contexts. The analysis involved identifying and interpreting key themes from the participants' stories and comparing and contrasting these across different participant narratives to reveal patterns and variations. The researcher engaged in a reflective process, linking the findings to existing literature and theoretical frameworks to deepen the understanding of the participant's lived experiences. Critical reflexivity was emphasised to ensure researcher biases did not influence the study's findings. Four major themes emerged: the impact of knowing about the illness; the supportive context provided by family, friends, institutions, and faith; the adaptation to a new life with a chronic disease and multiple care roles; and perceptions of care received through primary health care centres. The research findings highlighted the interplay between emotional, cognitive, and social elements of the patients’ lived experience, emphasising the significant role of the participants' emotional responses in influencing coping mechanisms and overall quality of life. The research also explored the crucial role of family/friends in disease management, and the difficulties of financial issues. The findings also highlighted the need for a more comprehensive and patient-centred approach to healthcare in KSA, which includes considering the experiences and barriers faced by older adults with chronic diseases. These findings included identifying the treatment goals, the use of religion in the process of coping, especially among Muslim adults, and the significance of education in helping patients manage their treatment and psychological care. The following are the recommendations that can be made from the research for enhancing services in the PHCCs across SaudiArabia, focusing on early identification and management of chronic diseases. The research supports screening programs for high-risk groups, frequent follow-up, and adherence to the best practices, including the involvement of specialist physicians. A particular emphasis is placed on the patient's awareness and counselling to overcome the myths associated with chronic diseases and increase patient participation in decision-making. The study recommends forming peer support groups to support chronic disease management or strengthening community networks. The research also advocates for public health campaigns that should address all population groups, focus on chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, to overcome cultural and societal misconceptions. To meet mental health needs, it is essential to incorporate mental health care into chronic disease management and educate healthcare workers on mental health. Other recommendations that are likely to improve the quality of healthcare and patient satisfaction significantly, include improving the interpersonal skills of PHCC staff, embracing modern technology, and ensuring that vulnerable populations are financially supported24 0Item Restricted Life journey with a chronic illness: Exploring the lived experience of older chronic illness patients while interacting with the primary health care services in Ha'il City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(University of Tasmania, 2024-08) Albarrak, Talal; Paula, Foran; Elaine, Crisp; Sharon, AndrewsAccording to the World Health Organization, improvement in life expectancy, which is attributed to advancements made in the health sector in the 20th century, directly impacts public health and economic systems. Technological advancement in the health sector has enabled older people to perform many activities in their daily lives. However, this demographic shift has also posed some problems, such as the rising prevalence of chronic diseases and the increased costs of healthcare for families and governments. The older population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is mainly affected by chronic diseases. It burdens the healthcare system, especially in the Primary Health Care Centres (PHCCs). PHCCs are the first point of care for these patients and attend to more than 15 million citizens every year in KSA. Although primary, secondary, tertiary, and referral healthcare services are available for the public in KSA, PHCCs still need help with patient satisfaction due to the lack of proper infrastructure and integrated services. This qualitative research employs Max van Manen's hermeneutical phenomenological framework to understand the lived experiences of older people with chronic illness as they interact with PHCCs for their regular health care relating to their illness. The research design is iterative, allowing for dynamic interaction between the researcher and data through six sequential yet iterative steps: engaging with the phenomenon, collecting data through investigating life experiences, reflecting on essential themes, describing the phenomenon through writing and rewriting, maintaining a strong relation to the phenomenon, and balancing the study context. Data was collected via semi-structured telephone interviews, adapted for COVID-19 safety protocols, with older people selected from accessible and representative PHCCs. Ten participants were chosen using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure relevance and depth. The research blends the strengths of descriptive and interpretative phenomenology, rooted in Edmund Husserl's and Martin Heidegger's philosophical traditions, which emphasise the detailed description and interpretation of human experiences and meanings, and recognise these experiences as situated within specific historical and cultural contexts. The analysis involved identifying and interpreting key themes from the participants' stories and comparing and contrasting these across different participant narratives to reveal patterns and variations. The researcher engaged in a reflective process, linking the findings to existing literature and theoretical frameworks to deepen the understanding of the participant's lived experiences. Critical reflexivity was emphasised to ensure researcher biases did not influence the study's findings. Four major themes emerged: the impact of knowing about the illness; the supportive context provided by family, friends, institutions, and faith; the adaptation to a new life with a chronic disease and multiple care roles; and perceptions of care received through primary health care centres. The research findings highlighted the interplay between emotional, cognitive, and social elements of the patients’ lived experience, emphasising the significant role of the participants' emotional responses in influencing coping mechanisms and overall quality of life. The research also explored the crucial role of family/friends in disease management, and the difficulties of financial issues. The findings also highlighted the need for a more comprehensive and patient-centred approach to healthcare in KSA, which includes considering the experiences and barriers faced by older adults with chronic diseases. These findings included identifying the treatment goals, the use of religion in the process of coping, especially among Muslim adults, and the significance of education in helping patients manage their treatment and psychological care. The following are the recommendations that can be made from the research for enhancing services in the PHCCs across SaudiArabia, focusing on early identification and management of chronic diseases. The research supports screening programs for high-risk groups, frequent follow-up, and adherence to the best practices, including the involvement of specialist physicians. A particular emphasis is placed on the patient's awareness and counselling to overcome the myths associated with chronic diseases and increase patient participation in decision-making. The study recommends forming peer support groups to support chronic disease management or strengthening community networks. The research also advocates for public health campaigns that should address all population groups, focus on chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, to overcome cultural and societal misconceptions. To meet mental health needs, it is essential to incorporate mental health care into chronic disease management and educate healthcare workers on mental health. Other recommendations that are likely to improve the quality of healthcare and patient satisfaction significantly, include improving the interpersonal skills of PHCC staff, embracing modern technology, and ensuring that vulnerable populations are financially supported.91 0Item Restricted Work Productivity among Australian Palliative Care Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Compassion Fatigue and Compassion Satisfaction(La Trobe University, 2024-07) Baqeas, Manal; Copnell, BevSimilar to their counterparts worldwide, Australian palliative care nurses played a significant role in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic and reported feeling overwhelmed. This research focused on the work productivity of palliative care nurses in Australia during the pandemic and associations between work productivity and professional quality of life, including compassion fatigue (CF), comprising burnout (BO) and secondary traumatic stress (STS), and compassion satisfaction (CS). A scoping review was first conducted on CF and CS among palliative care providers (nurses and other professionals). A correlational, cross-sectional research design was employed. Measures were collected in 2021 using an online survey with a sample of 208 nurses working in a range of palliative care settings. Participants demonstrated moderate levels of BO, STS, and CS. Work productivity was negatively associated with burnout but positively associated with CS and with STS in a nonlinear manner. Following identification of potential confounding variables and moderators of the relationships between work productivity and measures of professional quality of life, a regression model was developed to maximise the prediction of work productivity. As well as burnout, STS and CF, this model included nurses’ gender, work setting, and religiosity, and whether they had been diagnosed with COVID-19. During the pandemic, participants reported various challenges and difficulties. Fear of being infected contributed to the pressures they felt. However, they also acquired new skills, were given new responsibilities, implemented new work practices, and paid better attention to infection prevention. The work productivity of palliative care nurses can be enhanced by improving their professional quality of life. Evidence-based policy and practices are needed to address heavy workloads, staffing shortages, inadequate staff training, and risk of infection, along with improving leadership and providing better access to professional psychological support. Such changes would help optimise the quality of care provided for patients at end of life.20 0