Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Radicalization Pathways in Prisons: A Comparative Study of Saudi Arabia, and The UK(Swansea University, 2024-09-30) Almawishir, Sultan; Howell, MatthewThis dissertation examines the phenomenon of radicalization in prison environments through a comparative analysis of Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom. It explores how different cultural, political, and institutional frameworks influence pathways to extremism in these countries’ prison systems. Saudi prisons, shaped by centralized governance and Sharia law, emphasize punishment over rehabilitation, creating conditions conducive to fostering extremist ideologies. Conversely, UK prisons prioritize rehabilitation but struggle with systemic issues such as overcrowding and staff shortages, which weaken deradicalization efforts. By analyzing institutional cultures, penal philosophies, and the dynamics of extremist networks, the study identifies key drivers of prison radicalization and evaluates the effectiveness of current counter-radicalization strategies in both contexts. Findings highlight the need for nuanced, culturally-sensitive policies to mitigate the risks associated with prison radicalization while enhancing rehabilitation frameworks. This research contributes valuable insights for policymakers and criminologists aiming to address the global challenge of extremism within correctional facilities.12 0Item Restricted Witnessing Timelessness: Revitalizing Heritage Tourism in The Ruins of Saudi Arabia(Rhode Island University, 2024-06-01) Habis, Reem; Wong, Liliane; Shoaib, Jehanzeb; Khan, Hassan UddinWell-known historic sites in Saudi Arabia, such as Historic Jeddah, are designated as heritage, meaning they are protected from deterioration over time. However, in the Aseer region, there are over 4500 unprotected modest sites that provide an integral sense of identity and authenticity to the culture of not just this region, but the entire Kingdom. The absence of preservation guidelines has left these sites vulnerable to indiscriminate developments attempting revitalization. Undesignated heritage sites must be safeguarded and rehabilitated rather than neglected and left at risk of further decay, especially with the encroachment of tourism. To preserve the sites’ authenticity and existing structures, this thesis proposes a collection of non-invasive physical and digital design strategies that aim to revitalize these unprotected but culturally significant sites with minimally undisruptive interventions. By repurposing these structures to contemporary uses, such as open-air museums, they shall remain active, integral to the community, and seamlessly integrated into the contemporary urban fabric. This thesis uses Watan Emsoudah, an abandoned village on the highest peak of Saudi Arabia, as a prototype to apply these design strategies. A defined walking path will take the visitors in an interactive, immersive, and educational journey through the site; experiencing the past, present and future of what was, what is, and what could be with the use of virtual and augmented reality. A place does not have to be an overwhelming monument to be worthy of preservation and visitor attention. This rehabilitation strategy could be extended to a multitude of underprivileged sites, ensuring their longevity, engagement, and forms of protection. Ultimately, this approach aims to promote heritage tourism, attracting both tourists and locals to learn about the region’s history and cultural heritage.21 0Item Restricted Rehabilitation for cardiac arrhythmia in COVID-19 and non COVID-19 patients(University of Leicester, 2024-04-08) Alhotye, Munyra; Singh, SallyIntroduction Exercise-based cardiorespiratory rehabilitation programme is an effective intervention to improve clinical outcomes, exercise capacity and quality of life in individuals living with cardiac and pulmonary conditions. Despite the effectiveness of the programme in cardiac population, no routine prescription of comprehensive rehabilitation is offered to those with AF. This thesis aimed to assess the benefits of the programme in those with HF and co-existing AF and to investigate the views toward delivering the programme for this population. Moreover, evidence suggests that an adapted rehabilitation programme is effective in improving clinical outcomes in those with post COVID-19 syndrome. Thus, we aimed to investigate the potential benefits of the programme in restoring cardiac autonomic functions and cardiac disturbance that might be present in this population. Methods Four main study designs were undertaken to address the thesis aims. 1. Retrospective analysis to investigate the benefits of the programme in HF individuals with AF. 2. Survey study to assess HCP views toward delivering the programme for individuals with AF. 3. Survey and interviews to investigate the need for rehabilitation for individuals with AF. 4. Observational study to assess the benefits of the programme for individual with post COVID-19. Results Rehabilitation programme demonstrated an improvement in clinical outcomes in individuals with HF and co-existing AF. HCPs were enthusiastic about the benefits of the programme for individuals living with AF. Moreover, those living with AF reported their need for this programme to help manage their symptoms. Lastly, an adapted rehabilitation programme demonstrated an improvement in cardiac autonomic function and other clinical measures in those with post COVID-19 syndrome. Conclusion Rehabilitation programme is an effective intervention for those with HF and co-existing AF, while an adapted rehabilitation programme demonstrated an improvement in cardiac functions in those with post COVID-19.14 0Item Restricted An Exploration of the Acceptance of Telerehabilitation in Saudi Arabia: Physiotherapists' and Patients' Perspectives(University of Nottingham, 2024-01-29) Alanazi, Ahmed; Wharrad, HeatherBackground: Providing long-term treatment and monitoring for patients, especially those with neurological conditions, requires resources which are not always available. Consequently, finding innovative solutions that can ease the financial and physical burden of chronic conditions is essential. Telerehabilitation offers a potential solution to this challenge, and it was widely used during the COVID-19 pandemic, when face-to-face rehabilitation services could not be provided. However, despite its clinical effectiveness, previous studies suggest that its application may be impeded by users’ concerns, and an inadequate understanding of the practical implications of the discipline. The number of people with chronic disabilities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) exceeds one million, and these patients require regular sessions with physiotherapists; however, accessing rehabilitation services can be difficult and costly, especially for those in rural or remote areas. Although telerehabilitation was used in the Saudi healthcare system before the pandemic, no formal framework to support its implementation exists and the potential barriers to its wider adoption in the country have not been clearly identified. As a result, this study explores the acceptance of telerehabilitation among physiotherapists and patients with neurological conditions in KSA and proposes a potential strategy for its nationwide implementation which takes account of the country’s large geographic area and its socio-religious context. Methods: This study adopts a pragmatic philosophical paradigm and employs the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) models to identify the factors which influence Saudi physiotherapists’ and patients’ acceptance of telerehabilitation. It also utilises Q methodology to gather and analyse the data, introducing a novel online approach to data collection in response to the limits on face-to-face engagement as a result of the pandemic. Results and discussion: The physiotherapist participants viewed telerehabilitation as beneficial, particularly for patients in rural or isolated areas, but they expressed concerns about data security, and the lack of training and technical support. The use of Q methodology enabled them to be categorised into three attitude-based groups: Advocates, who supported telerehabilitation for its cost-effectiveness; Pragmatists, who were open to healthcare technology but emphasised the need for better patient understanding of the uses of telerehabilitation; and Hesitants, who were uncertain and concerned about missing important clinical information. The patients with MS had varied perspectives, appreciating potential benefits, such as cost savings, but expressing concerns about data security and highlighting the lack of support from family and friends as a potential barrier. These patients were also categorised into three groups: Supporters, who recognised telerehabilitation's benefits but had concerns about a lack of suitable space at home and would prefer to be treated by a physiotherapist of the same gender; Rationalists, who accepted telerehabilitation's potential benefits but who thought more resources were required in order to accept it; and Resisters, who questioned its effectiveness over face-to-face rehabilitation. Barriers to telerehabilitation acceptance included the lack of facilitating conditions, such as training, guidelines, and equipment, individual differences such as age, gender knowledge, digital literacy, and medical conditions, and social influence, such as lack of support and encouragement from physiotherapists and family and friends to use telerehabilitation. These findings informed the development of a logic model for a strategy to implement telerehabilitation in KSA, which considers religious and cultural beliefs in KSA, and addresses the barriers identified above. The model sets out the desired outcomes, necessary inputs, and activities for physiotherapists, patients and healthcare services. It also lists the short-term, medium-term, and long-term outputs, the assumptions on which the model is based, and the external factors which might affect its implementation, including the rapid rate of social change in KSA. Conclusion: This study fills a gap in the literature by examining users' perceptions of telerehabilitation in KSA and identifying the barriers to its acceptance among two key stakeholders groups. The logic model contributes to society by outlining a strategy for the implementation of telerehabilitation in KSA, and, potentially, in other countries which share its cultural and religious values. The study also contributes to Q methodology by demonstrating an innovative method for online data collection and evaluating its effectiveness. In addition, the use of Q methodology in combination with the TAM and UTAUT models provides a methodology to assess user acceptance of healthcare technologies which could be used in other contexts. As such, the findings of this study are of immediate value to policy makers and healthcare providers in KSA, but they also have wider implications. Future research in the Saudi context should focus on the feasibility of the proposed strategy, including cost-benefit analyses and practical trials, and exploring perceptions in other rehabilitation fields, such as occupational and speech therapy.44 0Item Restricted Self-Management Interventions To Improve Mobility In The Community Post-Stroke(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-05-18) Sahely, Ahmad; Rosewilliam, SheebaIndividuals’ lives after stroke are affected by multiple levels of disability. Appropriate rehabilitation services can help them to regain their functions and improve their quality of life. In the UK and other developed countries, there has been a tendency toward the early supported discharge from hospital after a stroke with the aim of providing care at home after discharge. However, stroke survivors’ needs after discharge from the hospital have been unmet as the health care services lack sufficient resources. Self-management strategies have been developed to help stroke survivors improve their self-efficacy and independence and play an active role in their rehabilitation process. The efficacy and appropriateness of self-management as an additional component to the current practice have been examined in several contexts, but there has been limited research around self-management strategies to improve mobility after stroke. The overarching aim of this thesis was to develop, implement, and test the feasibility of a self- management (SM) intervention to improve functional mobility for stroke survivors in the community. Chapter 1 (the introduction) provides a background of the research problem and the knowledge to practice gap. It demonstrates the prevalence, impact, and management of stroke with focus on mobility rehabilitation as a main physical impairment. It also discusses the gap in current practice regarding the delivery of optimum amount of therapy and the role of SM in bridging the gap and facilitating the recovery of stroke survivors. Chapter 2 demonstrates the philosophical stance taken by the researcher to select the appropriate methodology for each stage of this research work. It shows the advantages of applying different methods to address the specific objectives of the thesis. Chapter 3 includes a systematic review of the evidence about specific SM interventions that can be applied for the rehabilitation of mobility post-stroke. A new intervention was then developed in consultation ii with senior clinicians and stroke patients to adapt the use of evidence to a local context of stroke rehabilitation within the West Midlands. In study 2 (chapter 4). A qualitative exploratory study was carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic exploring needs and experiences of stroke patients and NHS therapists who worked with stroke patients with a special focus on the utility of self-management strategies post discharge. This study found four main themes that described the modifications in the care system because of the pandemic, impact on the stroke survivors at different stage, needs and priorities of stroke rehabilitation, and management strategies that have been used in stroke rehabilitation. The findings from the study contributed to the modification of the intervention developed to integrate technology and promote remote strategies for self-management. Study 3 (chapter 5), aimed to evaluate feasibility of implementation, to explore participants’ perspectives about the acceptability, practicality, and fidelity of the new intervention and to scope out methodological feasibility of a future randomised control trial of the new self-management intervention for mobility following stroke (SIMS). A mixed-methods study design was carried out including a feasibility randomised control design and focus groups to collect data. The study recruited 24 participants (14 males: 10 females; age range (36-87 years)) into both the intervention and control groups. The study findings showed that it was feasible to recruit participants from hospital and community, but the rate was low due to effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Randomisation and blinding were successful. Retention rate was 83% at 3 months and 79.2% at 6 months assessments. Adherence to the intervention varied mainly due to post stroke fatigue, COVID-19 and the impact of mood changes. It was feasible to deliver the intervention online with no serious events related to the study. Focus groups discussed participants’ motivations for joining the programme, their perspectives on the intervention (fidelity and acceptability) and methodology, perceived improvements in walking outcomes, facilitators and challenges for self-management, and suggestions for improvement. Lastly, chapter 6 provides a summary of findings and discussion points about the key findings from all three studies included in this thesis work.23 0Item Restricted An exploration of the knowledge and attitudes of Saudi occupational therapists (OTs) regarding people living with HIV\AIDS in Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-01-20) Bin Numay, Abdulelah; Sakellariou, DikaiosIntroduction: Relatively 38 million people are living with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in addition to the virus which causes AIDS, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AIDS-related complications were responsible for the deaths of 35 million people globally between the beginning of the pandemic and the end of 2020, with the disease's prevalence continuing to rise across the Middle East and North Africa. Due to an early misunderstanding of HIV transmission patterns, many Muslims incorrectly think that only "sinners" may get HIV/AIDS. Consequently, stigma and prejudice are seen as the greatest challenges for persons with HIV/AIDS in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to get an understanding of and investigate the experience and knowledge of Saudi Arabian Occupational Therapists. Methodology: The researcher selected the framework qualitative design as the research's methodology to collect data from six participants, 4 male and 2 female Occupational Therapy practitioners. Semi-structured audio recorded interviews were conducted, recordings were transcribed digitally for data analysis. Then, the qualitative data were thematically analysed. Result: The analysis concluded four main themes and eight subthemes. Proceeded with the participants' general perception of HIV/AIDS, then move on to their knowledge development in relation to the virus, their clinical practise in the context of working with a person living with HIV/AIDS, and finally, the socio-cultural obstacles and future prospects from the perspective of the participants. Conclusion: Participants mentioned they lacked significant understanding about HIV/AIDS and the occupational therapy role with HIV+ patients. Their collective understanding of HIV/AIDS was derived from the theory they studied, movies, television programmes, chats with others, and books or articles, owing their lack of understanding to the incomplete HIV/AIDS education incorporated in the curriculum. In addition, while they would not mind working with an HIV- positive client, HIV/AIDS related discrimination in the study population was presented by altering the treatment approach, take extra contact precautions, minimize interaction between HIV positive patients with other patients9 0