Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Tooth Discoloration After Endodontic Treatment: Causes, Management, and Prevention: A Scoping Review(University of Dundee, 2024-01-31) Alshammari, Asma Fawaz; Ellis, Ian; Tait, CarolBackground: Tooth discolouration is a common dental problem that deteriorates the aesthetic appearance of a patient’s smile. Tooth discolouration can be classified as internal or external discoloration. The internal discolouration subdivided into systematic or local internal discolouration. The later could be caused by many reasons. One of these reasons is internal discolouration after RCT. In the literature, there are a variety of studies that discuss internal discolouration however, there is a lack of studies that consider internal discolouration involving causes, management, and prevention of tooth discolouration after root canal treatment (RCT). Thus, this scoping review was conducted to fill that knowledge gap. Aims and Objectives: Aim: A scoping review of causes, management, and prevention of discolouration after root canal treatment to explore the current knowledge from existing literature. Objectives: To explore causes, management, and prevention of discolouration after RCT and evaluate if this review could be a precursor to a systematic review. Methodology: This scoping review (SR) has been conducted based on the guidelines of the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) (Tricco et al., 2018) and the Joanna Briggs Institute – JBI (Peters et al., 2015) for scoping reviews using the framework that was proposed by Arksey and O’Malley in the updated version(Levac, Colquhoun, and O'Brien, 2010). The electronic databases used were Scopus, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane. The relevant information was gained and screened based on the following eligibility criteria: articles published in English, permanent or immature permanent discoloured teeth because of previous RCT, trauma, endodontic regenerative procedures (ERPs), primary studies that include human clinical trials (RCT), case series, case reports, longitudinal, observational, or cross-sectional studies. Secondary studies that involved reviews or systematic reviews were included, as were all the eligible articles that were published from January 2013 to March 2023. Results: A total of 1409 articles, including duplicates, have been retrieved from all four databases. After the removal of duplicate papers, around 615 set, 794 articles were chosen for screening. Then, these articles were subjected to assessment based on the title and abstract according to eligibility criteria. As a result of the first stage of screening, 724 were excluded, and 70 articles related to the topic that had been published in the period between January 2013 and March 2023 were retained. After that, a full text screening of the related articles was performed; 15 articles were excluded due to being irrelevant to the topic, and 55 of them were included in this study. Conclusion: To conclude, previously root canal-treated teeth, trauma, triple antibiotic, and mineral trioxide aggregate in ERPs are the main causes of discolouration. Internal dental bleaching is the first treatment option chosen by dental professionals if it is indicated as a simple and conservative procedure. For preventive protocols, the endodontic material should be within the limit below the cemento-enamel junction and ensure the removal of any pulp remnants from the pulp chamber. Also, use materials that do not induce discolouration especially in interior teeth.52 0Item Restricted The Risk Factors of Job Burnout Among Nurses in Saudi Arabia: A Quantitative Method Systematic Review(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-12-13) Alharthi, Ibtisam; Louuise, HodgsonJob burnout, more simply referred to as ‘burnout’, describes a psychological syndrome triggered by chronic, unaddressed stress in the workplace. The high prevalence of burnout among nurses poses a significant challenge, exacerbating the already critical issue of nursing shortages worldwide. Saudi Arabia has recorded particularly high rates of burnout among nurses, at between 32% and 71%, but the factors which cause burnout in the country are not well-understood. This study reports the findings of a systematic review which examines the prevalence and risk factors associated with burnout among nurses in public hospitals in Saudi Arabia. It examines 10 studies conducted between 2018 – 2023 and provides an updated estimate of burnout based on prevalence rates reported across the country. It also identifies the leading factors associated with burnout in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, categorising them as either sociodemographic, occupational or psychosocial and discussing the reasons for them. The study estimates that the current prevalence of burnout among nurses in Saudi hospitals is 51.3%, with the highest rates in the north of the country and the lowest rates in the south. The main sociodemographic factors affecting burnout are gender, age, nationality, marital status, education and medical history. The occupational factors include weekly work hours, shift patterns, department, career rank, years of experience and salary level. Psychosocial factors affecting burnout include emotional demands, commitment, influence and work, reward and recognition, role clarity and health and well-being. The study concludes by discussing the implications of the research for advanced nurse practitioners and evidence-based practice and proposes a number of recommendations to reduce the risk of burnout among nurses based on the findings of the systematic review.46 0