Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations

This study investigates the diagnostic performance of the TRIOS 5 intraoral scanner in detecting dental caries compared to traditional methods such as visual-tactile examination and radiographic imaging. With 21 adult participants, the study used a comparative diagnostic accuracy design to evaluate the scanner’s sensitivity, specificity, and agreement with the gold-standard radiographic findings. Results showed that while the TRIOS 5 demonstrated high sensitivity (89.4%) and a strong negative predictive value (87.0%), its specificity was low (26.4%), indicating a high rate of false positives. Cohen’s Kappa analysis revealed poor agreement between scanner and radiograph findings (κ = 0.100), and McNemar’s test confirmed statistically significant discrepancies (p = 4.648). These findings suggest that although the TRIOS 5 is effective in early caries detection, its diagnostic output should be interpreted alongside conventional methods to avoid overtreatment. The study highlights the scanner’s potential as an adjunct diagnostic tool and calls for further research on AI-driven enhancements and standardized calibration protocols to improve clinical accuracy and reliability.

Objective: The purpose of the present in-vitro study is to compare the accuracy of 3D printed casts generated from digital implant impressions with one intra-oral scanner (IOS) (Trios 3, 3Shape), from 4 3D printers, with the 3D accuracy of stone casts made by conventional implant impressions, in a partially edentulous anterior maxilla with two implants. Material and Methods: A maxillary cast with a partially edentulous anterior area was fabricated with the placement of two internal connection implants (Regular CrossFit, Straumann®, Switzerland). Stone casts (n=10) that served as a control were fabricated using the splinted open-tray impression technique. A digital impression was taken using a white light IOS (TRIOS, 3Shape), and a Standard Tessellation Language (STL) file was obtained. Four 3D printers were used to print the casts (n=10 from each 3D printer): a Straumann® P30+ (Straumann®, Switzerland) and a Varseo S (Varseo 3D printing system, BEGO®, Germany), which used digital light processing (DLP) technology; a Form 3b+ (Formlabs®, Somerville, MA, USA), which used stereolithography (SLA) technology; and an M2 Carbon (Carbon®, Redwood City, CA, USA), which used Continuous Liquid Interface Production™ (CLIP) technology. The master cast and all models generated from each group were digitized using the same IOS. Accuracy was evaluated digitally and laboratory. The obtained STL files were superimposed on the master cast STL file (reference) to evaluate the 3D accuracy digitally with inspection software (Geomagic Control X; 3D Systems) using the root mean square value (RMS). For prosthesis assessment, an implant screw-retained fixed zirconia prosthesis was fabricated and tested on each cast. Accuracy of fit was assessed using a screw resistance test and radiographic test. Results: The highest median RMS was found in the stone model group (94.6 μm) and the lowest median was in the M2 Carbon group (46.9 μm). The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups (p<0.001). For post-hoc comparisons, Dunn’s test with the Holm-Bonferroni correction resulted in a statistically significant difference in the four tests. The lowest p-value was for the comparison between the M2 Carbon and P30+ groups (p=0.002), with M2 Carbon exhibiting a significantly lower (RMS). The zirconia prosthesis fits adequately on all casts. Conclusion: Within the study’s limitations, the M2 Carbon printer in virtual analysis demonstrated statistically significant lower 3D deviations in root mean square than the Straumann® P30+ printer. Printed casts generated from M2 Carbon, Formlabs® Form 3b and BEGO® Varseo S demonstrated statistically significant lower 3D deviations in root mean square than stone models generated using a conventional implant impression for the present partially edentulous scenario with two implants. Using a screw-resistance test and radiographic assessment, the zirconia prosthesis fit was clinically acceptable on all models.

Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations

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